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Intro to A&P > Week 13 > Flashcards

Week 13 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the figure 8 pattern in the heart?

A
  • used to pump the blood
  • one located in the atria; one in the ventricle
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2
Q

Difference in the ventricular muscle thickness

A
  • right side is thin (goes to lungs)
  • left side is thick (pumps to body)
    -doing a lot more work, needs to be thicker
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3
Q

Function of valves

A

keeps blood from going backward

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4
Q

Septum

A

divides the heart into chambers

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5
Q

Interatrial Septum

A

in between the atrium

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6
Q

interventricular septum

A

between the ventricles

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7
Q

AV Valves

A
  1. Tricuspis
  2. Bicuspid (mitral)
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8
Q

Semilunar Valves

A
  1. Aortic
  2. Pulmonary
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9
Q

Chordae tendinae

A

connects flaps of valves to papillary muscles

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10
Q

papillary muscles

A

prevents backflow to generate tension in chordae tendinae
- prevents valves from moving backwards

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11
Q

Steps of blood flow

A

Step One:
1. Atria contact
2. AV valves open (blood going to ventricles)
3. Semilunar valves close (keeps blood from going back
Step Two:
1. ventricles contract
2. AV valves close
3. Semilunar Valve open (blood going to lungs/body)

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12
Q

Difference between skeletal and cardiac muscle

A
  1. Autorhythmicity
  2. Intercalated Disc
  3. Only uses oxygen
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13
Q

Autorhythmicity

A
  • heart will beat on its own
    -has its own rhythm; makes its own action potential
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14
Q

What is intercalated disc made of?

A
  1. Gap Junctions
  2. Desmosomes
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15
Q

Gap Junctions

A

-spaces in membrane between cells so they can share sarcoplasm
-between cardiac muscles
- direct electrical connections (no synapse)

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16
Q

Desmosomes

A

-sticks cells together
-allows them to fire together

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17
Q

Sinoatrial Node (SA Node)

A
  • sets the rhythm of the heart (AP)
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18
Q

Sinus Rhythm

A

-normal heart beat
-60-72 average

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19
Q

Tachycardia

A

HR higher than 100 bpm

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20
Q

Bradycardia

A

HR lower than 60 bpm

21
Q

How does the “LUB DUB” sound of the heart work?

A
  1. First sound “LUB”
    -Step 2 of blood flow
    -ventricular muscle contracts; AV valves close
  2. Second Sound “DUB”
    -Step 1 of blood flow
    -Semilunar valves close
22
Q

Atrioventricular Valve (AV Valve)

A

-between atrium & ventricle
-relay station (relays signal)
-allows for signal pause to let atria completely empty of blood

23
Q

2 Circuits of the Body

A
  1. Pulmonary Circuit
  2. Systemic Circuit
24
Q

Pulmonary Circuit

A

-Lung circuit
-pulmonary artery/vein
-goes to left atria
-

25
Systemic Circuit
-body circuit -aorta- majority sends to the body
26
capillaries
site of exchange of nutrients and oxygen
27
structure of capillaries
-simple epithelial
28
Lumen
-big hole in artery and vein, where the blood is
29
Vasocontriction
lumen gets smaller ex. outside in the winter, the blood wants to stay warm
30
vasodilation
lumen gets bigger
31
Artery
carries oxygenated blood AWAY from the heart
32
Veins
carries deoxygenated blood TO the heart
33
Function of valves
-blood can only go in one direction -stops blood from going backward
34
Tunica Media
-where the thick muscle is located in artery
35
Function of heart muscle
-pump blood from veins back to where it needs to be -carries blood back to heart
36
Osmotic Pressure
pressure drawing fluid into blood
37
Aorta
-main artery that carries blood away from the heart to the rest of the body
38
Coronary Artery
supplies the oxygen to blood to feed the heart
39
Coronary Sinus
responsible for draining deoxygenated blood from myocardium
40
Major Veins
-vena cava -pulmonary vein -coronary sinus -jugular vein
41
jugular vein
takes blood away
42
Major Arteries
-aorta -pulmonary -coronary -carotid (head)
43
Osmotic Pressure
pressure drawing fluid INTO the blood
44
Hydrostatic Pressure
pressure pushing fluid OUT of capillary
45
2 Sides of the capillary
1. Artery Side 2. Vein Side
46
Artery Side of capillary
-hydrostatic pressure is higher than osmotic pressure -fluid will be pushed OUT of the tissues
47
Vein Side of capillary
-osmotic pressure is higher than hydrostatic pressure -fluid is brought back into capillaries and brought back to the heart
48
Albumin
key protein that drives osmotic pressure

Intro to A&P (14 decks)

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