week 14

Question 1

What is breathing controlled by?

Answer 1

-Autonomic NS
-can consciously control your breath, but body will take over at some point

Question 2

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Answer 2

-in your blood
-regulates your breathing

Question 3

Function of respiratory system

Answer 3

• gas exchange (O2 in; CO2 out)
• smell
• speech

Question 4

2 Zones responsible for breathing

Answer 4

1. Conduction Zone
2. Respiratory Zone

Question 5

Conduction Zone Path

Answer 5

nose-> pharynx->larynx->trachea->bronchi->terminal bronchioles

Question 6

Conduction zone function

Answer 6

-conducts the air
-adds water
-warms air
-cleans out debris

Question 7

Respiratory Zone Path

Answer 7

respiratory bronchioles->alveoli

Question 8

Respiratory Zone Function

Answer 8

respiration

Question 9

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium

Answer 9

-cells inside the respiratory tract

Question 10

Hare Cilia

Answer 10

-remove debris
-brings it to your throat then you swallow it

Question 11

Goblet Cell

Answer 11

traps the debris

Question 12

Larynx

Answer 12

voice box

Question 13

Cartilage of the respiratory system

Answer 13

1. epiglottis
2. thyroid cartilage

Question 14

Epiglottis

Answer 14

piece of cartilage that keeps food out of the airway

Question 15

Thyroid Cartilage

Answer 15

protects our voice box

Question 16

Glottis is made up of 2 things

Answer 16

1. Vocal Cords
2. Vestibular Folds

Question 17

Vocal Cords

Answer 17

-a piece of cartilage attached to muscle
-air coming up from lungs cause cartilage to vibrate
-vibration causes noise

Question 18

Vestibular Folds

Answer 18

produce mucus

Question 19

How does the airway stay open in Trachea/bronchi?

Answer 19

C-shaped cartilage

Question 20

How does airway stay open in the Bronchioles/terminal bronchioles?

Answer 20

-held open by smooth muscle
-muscle dilates for more air; constricts for less air

Question 21

3 cells in alveoli (respiratory zone)

Answer 21

1. Type 1
2. Type 2
3. Macrophage

Question 22

Type 1 cell

Answer 22

-gas exchange

Question 23

Type 2 cell

Answer 23

-produces surfactant

Question 24

surfactant

Answer 24

protein that prevents alveoli from closing up

Question 25

macrophage

Answer 25

-immunity -cleans up any debris that doesnt get caught by the mucus

Question 26

What type of cells make up the majority of cells in alveoli?

Answer 26

Type 1

Question 27

5 lobes of the lungs

Answer 27

3- right side 2- left side

Question 28

Pleural Sac

Answer 28

-surround lungs -has serous fluid -buffer between ribs & lungs

Question 29

Function of Pleural Sac

Answer 29

- reduce friction/heat -creates surface tension to keep the lungs open

Question 30

How does air move?

Answer 30

from high to low pressure

Question 31

Boyles law

Answer 31

-pressure & volume are inversely proportional -volume goes up ; pressure goes down -volume goes down; pressure goes up

Question 32

How does INSPIRATION work?

Answer 32

in TISSUES 1. external intercostals/diaphragm contract (creates more space) 2. Volume in lungs goes UP 3. Pressure in lungs go DOWN air is forced IN from atmosphere -O2 moves from high concentration in capillaries-->low concentration in tissue -CO2 moves from high concentration in tissue to low concentration in capillaries

Question 33

How does EXPIRATION work?

Answer 33

in LUNGS 1. external intercostals/diaphragm relax (create less space) 2. Volume in lungs goes DOWN 3. Pressure in lungs go UP 4. air is forced OUT into the atmosphere -O2 moves from high concentration in alveoli of lungs to low concentration in capillaries -CO2 moves from high concentration in capillaries to low concentration in lungs

Question 34

Muscles of respiration

Answer 34

1. External Intercostals 2. Diaphragm

Question 35

External Intercostals

Answer 35

-pulls ribs up and out -increase volume of lungs

Question 36

Diaphragm

Answer 36

-pulls the ribs down -increase volume of lungs

Question 37

Chemoreceptor

Answer 37

-chemical receptors that monitor CO2 levels -located in the medulla oblongata

Question 38

Vagus Nerve

Answer 38

-slows down breathing -parasympathetic

Question 39

Where does respiration happen?

Answer 39

1. lungs 2. tissues