Week 13/14

Question 1

2 settings for hot springs and geysers

Answer 1

Where deep groundwater discharges along faults.

Geothermal regions

Question 2

Groundwater problems

Answer 2

Septic Intrusion

Saline Intrusion

Question 3

Contamination Plume

Answer 3

Groundwater transports pollutants away from sources, creates plume.

Question 4

Limestone dissolution creates unique

Answer 4

karst landscapes.

Question 5

Darcy’s Law

Answer 5

The rate at which groundwater will flow.

Question 6

Cave formation is primarily due to

Answer 6

dissolution of carbonic acid.

Question 7

On desert land, vegetation covers less than ____ of the land.

Answer 7

On desert land, vegetation covers less than 15 percent of the land.

Question 8

Types of Deserts

Answer 8

Subtropical 
Rainshadow
Coastal
Continental interiors
Polar

Question 9

Continental Interior Desert

Answer 9

Air loses moisture as it crosses continents.

Question 10

Coastal Desert

Answer 10

Cold air cannot hold water vapour.

Question 11

Bajada

Answer 11

Continuous apron around mountains.

Question 12

Desert Pavement

Answer 12

Coarse pebbles left over after wind takes fine dust away. Erosion resistant.

Question 13

Ventifacts

Answer 13

Stones that have been sandblasted by the wind.

Question 14

Deflation

Answer 14

Lowering of the desert land surface via wind erosion.

Question 15

Vast area of dunes

Answer 15

sand sea

Question 16

Calcrete

Answer 16

Calcium carbonate that’s cementing the soil.

Question 17

Pediment

Answer 17

sloping bedrock

Question 18

Desertification

Answer 18

Andification of non desert areas as a result of human activities.

Question 19

Glaciers cover ___ of the Earth and expand to ___ during an Ice Age.

Answer 19

Glaciers cover 10 percent of the Earth and expand to 30 percent during an Ice Age.

Question 20

Igneous ice

Answer 20

crystallizes from a melt.

Question 21

Valley glacier

Answer 21

flow like rivers down valleys.

Question 22

Piedmont glacier

Answer 22

Valley glacier big enough to go out around the base of a mountain valley.

Question 23

Crevasses form in the

Answer 23

brittle, upper layer of a glacier.

Question 24

Glacial movement flows like

Answer 24

honey.

Question 25

Ice shelves

Answer 25

Continental glaciers terminate in the ocean

Question 26

Water cuts ____ valleys, during glaciation ____ valleys are created.

Answer 26

Water cuts V shaped valleys, during glaciation U shape valleys are created.

Question 27

Gouge Striations

Answer 27

Run parallel to the direction of ice movement.

Question 28

Fjord

Answer 28

U shaped glacial troughs flooded by the sea.

Question 29

End Moraine

Answer 29

Pile of rocks that get deposited from flowing ice.

Question 30

Glacial drift

Answer 30

Sediment derived from glaciation.

Question 31

Glacial till

Answer 31

Found in the drift. Made up of all grain sizes.

Question 32

Outwash

Answer 32

Sediment transported by meltwater.

Question 33

Loess

Answer 33

Wind-transported silt.

Question 34

What can we use to measure temperature over time?

Answer 34

Isotope ratios.

Question 35

Milankovitch Cycles

Answer 35

Control temperature and the advance and retreat of glaciers.

Question 36

Eccentricity

Answer 36

Shape of Earth’s orbit.

Question 37

Biogeochemical Cycles

Answer 37

Chemical fluxes between living and non living matter.