Week 6, Chpt 6, 7 Flashcards
(26 cards)
Rocks that form at or near the surface of the earth.
Sedimentary rocks
4 classes of sedimentary rocks
Clastic
Biochemical
Organic
Chemical
Metamorphic rock
One that forms when a pre-existing rock undergoes a solid-state change in response to the modification of its environment.
Rocks undergo metamorphism when they are subjected to
heat, pressure, compression and sheer, and/or very hot water.
2 Fundamental classes of metamorphic rocks
Foliated and non foliated
Crystal structure has an ____ atomic arrangment
Crystal structure has an ordered atomic arrangement.
Type of atomic bonding determines
physical properties of minerals.
Isotropy
Same properties in all directions
Anisotropy
Varying properties depending on direction
Things that are harder than quartz are
precious gems.
Crystal structures are limited to 6 because of
topology
Silica tetrahedron has __ oxygens and __ silicon
4, 1
3 basic kinds of rocks
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
Igneous
Decompression melting takes place in
spreading centres and hot spots. Where you have convection in the mantle.
Temperature where melt first appears in rock
Solidus
Temperature where melt has liquified rocks
Liquidus
Flux
A substance that change another substance’s melting point.
3 components of magma:
Solid, liquid, gas
Liquid magma is called
melt.
Gaseous part of magma
volatiles
Why are rocks harder to melt deeper in the mantle?
Pressure increases the melting temperature and holds the rocks together.
Decompressional Melting
When solid mantle rock is moving upward. As it moves upwards pressure decreases, and the magma is still hot. This causes the rock to melt.
Textures in rocks depend on
cooling rates.
Xenolith
Foreign rock
