Week 8

Question 1

4 types of sedimentary rocks

Answer 1

Clastic
Biochemical
Organic
Chemical

Question 2

What can create sedimentary rocks?

Answer 2

Weathering
Erosion
Transportation
Deposition

Question 3

Sedimentary rocks are classified based on

Answer 3

texture and composition.

Question 4

Lithification

Answer 4

Transforms loose sediment into solid rock.

Question 5

Clast composition

Answer 5

Mineral make up of sediment grains.

Question 6

The measure of uniformity of grain sizes in sediment population.

Answer 6

Sorting

Question 7

Cross roads are created by

Answer 7

ripple and dune migration.

Question 8

Sedimentary basins form where

Answer 8

tectonic activity creates space.

Question 9

Passive Margins

Answer 9

The edges of continents that are not tectonic-plate boundaries.

Question 10

A sea level rise or TRANSGRESSION shifts depositional bets

Answer 10

landward.

Question 11

A sea level fall or REGRESSION shifts environments toward

Answer 11

the basin.

Question 12

5 ways to create metamorphic rocks

Answer 12

Recrystallization
Phase change
Neocrystallization
Pressure solution
Plastic deformation

Question 13

Protoliths

Answer 13

What gets changed in metamorphosis

Change in texture and mineralogy

Occur in a solid state

Question 14

Metamorphism often imparts _____ upon a new rock.

Answer 14

Metamorphism often imparts foliation upon a new rock.

Question 15

Phase change

Answer 15

New minerals form that have the same chemical composition but a different crystal structure.

Question 16

Mineral grains partially dissolve where their surfaces press together.

Answer 16

Pressure solution.

Question 17

Plastic Deformation

Answer 17

Mineral grains soften and deform when a rock is squeezed.

Question 18

Burial metamorphism

Answer 18

Pressure squeezes pore space and water out. As you bury it, it gets warmer.

Question 19

Breakage of a rock by shearing within a fault zone.

Answer 19

Dynamic metamorphism

Question 20

Hydrothermal metamorphism

Answer 20

Melting. Downgoing plate releasing water. Spreading centre. Hot water rises and reacts with the rock. Rock that goes away from the ridge is hydrated.

Question 21

Trenches and accretionary prisms have a low geothermal gradient. These conditions prouce

Answer 21

bleuschist.

Question 22

Average age of continental crust

Answer 22

2.5 billion years.

Question 23

4 types of metamorphic rocks

Answer 23

Gneiss
Schyst
Slate
Phylite

Question 24

Blueschist metamorphism is associate with

Answer 24

ocean crust subducting beneath a continent.

Question 25

Contact metamorphism typically produces rocks that are called

Answer 25

hornfels.

Question 26

Deep time

Answer 26

Time has persisted beyond persona experience and historical record. The processes that have been operating on our planet have been operating for a very long time.

Question 27

Geologic time

Answer 27

James Huttton. 200 years.

Question 28

Principle of Uniformitarianism

Answer 28

The processes observed today were the same in the past.

Question 29

Relative Dates

Answer 29

Which came first or later?

Question 30

Numeric Dates

Answer 30

How long ago did this happen?

Question 31

Principle of Original Horizontality

Answer 31

Because sediments settle out of a fluid by gravity they settle horizontally.

Question 32

Principle of superimposition

Answer 32

Younger strata on top, older strata on bottom.

Question 33

Principle of Lateral Continuity

Answer 33

Strata often form in laterally extensive horizontal sheets.

Question 34

Principle of cross cutting relations

Answer 34

Dikes, faults, erosions, must be younger than the material that is faulted.

Question 35

Principle of baked contacts

Answer 35

Baked rock there first.

Question 36

Principle of Inclusions

Answer 36

One rock fragment within another, the inclusions are always older.

Question 37

Unconformity

Answer 37

A gap in the rock record. Often cross cutting.

Question 38

Non conformity

Answer 38

Unconformity where igneous or metamorphic rock are capped by sedimentary rock.

Question 39

Disconformity

Answer 39

Unconformity within sedimentary layers due to an interruption in sedimentation.