Week 13

Question 1

sensory physiology

Answer 1

involves processing info by sensory divisions of the nervous system

Question 2

stimulations (internal or external)

Answer 2

acts on receptors which is converted to an electrical potential

Question 3

if threshold is reached

Answer 3

signal moves afferently to CNS where signal is integrated ither consciously or subconsciously and then a response moves efferently back to the PNS.

Question 4

RECEPTORS

chemo

Answer 4

respond to chemical that bind the receptors

ex. O

Question 5

RECEPTORS

mechano

Answer 5

respond to mechanical energy

ex. pressure, vibration

Question 6

RECEPTORS

thermo

Answer 6

responds to temp

Question 7

RECEPTORS

photo

Answer 7

responds to light

Question 8

RECEPTORS

nociceptors

Answer 8

respond to noxious stimuli

ex. tissue damage from pain

Question 9

somatic senses

-touch pressure

Answer 9

found in superficial layers of skin. all over body

Question 10

somatic sense

-pain

Answer 10

activated by noxious stimulation that has potential to damage tissue

Question 11

somatic sense

temp

Answer 11

free nerve endings in subcutaneous layers of skin. cols is sensitive to temps 1 degree below body temp.

Question 12

body temp

Answer 12

37C

Question 13

somatic senses

-proprioception

Answer 13

mediated by sensory receptors located in the muscles and joints. make us aware of our body position in space

Question 14

olfaction

Answer 14

use chemoreceptors to dist. bw odors. smell is linked to memories and emotions

Question 15

gustatory

Answer 15

has 5 receptors types at diff positions in tongue

• bitter-associated w toxic components
• sour
• salty, sweet, umani- associated w nutrition

Question 16

vision

Answer 16

translates the light into mental images with the help of the eye’s retina

Question 17

VISION

PHOTORECEPTORS

Answer 17

light sensitive

Question 18

VISION

rods

Answer 18

monochromatic nighttime vision

Question 19

VISION

cones

Answer 19

light and color activity vision during the day

Question 20

VISION problems

Myopia

Answer 20

nearsightedness due to elongation of the eyeball (concave); images are brought into focus before the reach the retina

Question 21

VISION

Hypertopic

Answer 21

farsightedness due to a shortened eyeball (convex); images are brought into focus behind the retina.

Question 22

VISION

astigmatism

Answer 22

Visual defect created by an unusual curvature of the cornea or lenses

Question 23

outer ear

Answer 23

collect sound waves and direct them inward.

Question 24

middle ear

Answer 24

auditory vesicles which multiplies the vibrations (amplification), for protection (muscles pull bones)

Question 25

inner ear

Answer 25

composed of cochlea w hair cells and fluid, for processing of the fluid waves during vibration.

Question 26

equilibrium

Answer 26

state of balance that is mediated by semi-circular canals in the inner ear, and through vision. The canals are filled with endolymph, which is set into motion by gravity and acceleration. The hair cells sense movement and send signals to brain.

Question 27

If a stimulus is maintained at a constant intensity for a long time

Answer 27

nerve has adapted and become less sensitive - This allows us to tune out background noise - ex temp receptors

Question 28

fast adapting nerves | slow adapting nerves

Answer 28

- pressure and touch | - muscle stretch and some types of pain

Question 29

two types: warm and cold receptors | if one hand is placed in warm water and the other in cold,

Answer 29

temp receptors will adapt and become less sensitive -After adaptation, if both hands are placed in lukewarm water, the hand originally in warm water will feel cold, and the hand originally in cold water will feel warm

Question 30

phantom limb pain

Answer 30

person feels a limb which is no longer present

Question 31

Merkel cells and Ruffini endings

Answer 31

respond to steady pressure

Question 32

Pacinian Meissner's corpuscles

Answer 32

give the sense of vibration

Question 33

there are separate

Answer 33

warm and cold receptors

Question 34

Receptors associated with skin hairs

Answer 34

allow you to feel the displacement of hairs

Question 35

Several types of pain receptors respond to

Answer 35

mechanical trauma or very high or low temperatures

Question 36

Uneven distribution of receptors:

Answer 36

close together on finger tips & face; far apart on back, legs, arms, belly

Question 37

The impulses perceived as pain are generated by the simplest type of sensory receptor-

Answer 37

naked nerve ending

Question 38

pain receptors may be stimulated by chemicals released when tissues are damaged

Answer 38

ex histamine

Question 39

2 basic types of pain

Answer 39

* Slow, unmyelinated C fibers carry pain from deep within tissues. The pain is felt as a dull ache which is hard to localize * Fast, myelinated A delta fibers carry sharp, well-localized pain from the surface

Question 40

retinoscopy

Answer 40

room lights will be dimmed at doctor will shine light in your eye and flip lenses in a machine

Question 41

The Ishihara Color Test

Answer 41

Is a test for red-green color deficiencies. | in pattern of dots, there is number visible to ppl w normal color vision

Question 42

cornea respons for 2/3, the 1/3 is

Answer 42

lens

Question 43

astigmatism two types with-the-rule against-the-rule

Answer 43

- patient has difficulty focusing horizontally oriented targets - opposite prob, vert.

Question 44

tuning fork tests

Answer 44

metal, two pronged device that produces a tone when it vibrates assess how well sound moves through your ear

Question 45

Two types of hearing tests with tuning forks are typically conducted. Rinne test

Answer 45

tuning fork held against skull to cause vibrations through bones of the skull and inner ear

Question 46

Two types of hearing tests with tuning forks are typically conducted. Weber test

Answer 46

placed on midline of skull | -used to establish range of hearing for patient.

Question 47

GUSTATORY | bitter

Answer 47

sensed towards the back and rear sides of the tongue ex. tonic water

Question 48

GUSTATORY | salty and sweet

Answer 48

sensed at the tip of the tongue ex. sugar

Question 49

GUSTATORY | sour

Answer 49

sensed at the sides of the tongue, at the middle and towards the front ex. lemon juice