week 17 Flashcards
(19 cards)
what is COPD
treatable but nor curable, largely preventable, characterised by persistent resp symptoms and airflow obstruction
what extra-pulmonary effects are caused by COPD
skeletal and muscle dysfunction, wasting and weight loss leading to reductions in functional capacity and PA
how many people globally have chronic respiratory diseases
500 million
6 risk factors of COPD
genes
cigarette smoke
infections
socio-economic status
aging populations
trypsin deficiency
in the pathophysiology of COPD, what does cigarette smoke cause
stimulates epithelial cells and macrophages to release chemokines
what do chemokines do in the lungs
increase inflammation and tissue damage
what is elastin degradation caused by and what does it lead to
caused by proteases
leads to alveolar wall destruction (emphysema)
what enzymes released by neutrophils lead to alveolar wall destruction
proteases:
neutrophil elastase
matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9)
what does the stimulation of goblet cell hyperplasia and mucus gland hypertrophy lead to
mucus hypersecretion, further contributes to airflow limitation
what is transforming growth factor beta recognised to produce
airway fibrosis
what FEV1 % of predicted is associated with mild COPD
> 80
what FEV1 % of predicted is associated with moderate COPD
50-80
what FEV1 % of predicted is associated with severe COPD
30-50
what FEV1 % of predicted is associated with very severe COPD
<30
what is the CBQC
COPD biomarker qualification consortium
collaborative scientific effort focusing on identifying and evaluating PA related biomarkers for COPD
what is the cycle of inactivity
avoid activity that makes you feel breathless
you do less activity
muscles become weaker
weak muscles use more oxygen and are less efficient
feel breathless
fear activity that makes you breathless
what is pulmonary rehab designed to break
cycle of inactivity
4 benefits of pulmonary rehab
reverse systematic consequences of COPD
reduce sensitivity to dyspnoea
enhance mechanical efficiency of PA
improve patients self-confidence/ experience of PA
three current recommendations
- employ motivational interviewing to identify patient barriers and enablers towards PA
- promote the use of pedometers to record steps
- provide feedback/ weekly goal setting
