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Pharmacology Block 3 > Week 18.1 Drugs > Flashcards

Week 18.1 Drugs Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

Penicillin G and V

A 
B lactam-Penicillin
G- IV/IM              V- Oral 
1. (X) anaerobes: CDIF+
2. (X) Gram Pos - Strep throat 
3. (X) Gram Neg- neisseria meningitis 
4. (X) Spirochetes- syphilis ((V-G)
(O) Staph or enterococcus (B lactamase)
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2
Q

Oxacillin

A

B lactam-Penicillin
IV/IM
(X) B-lactamase POS Staph (MSensitive-SA)

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3
Q

Ampicillin

A 
B lactam-Penicillin
IV or oral
(X) Gram POS- Enterococcus UTI
(X) Gram NEG- neisseria, salmonella
(X) Meningitis (Neisseria, Listeria)
(X) GI infections (concentrate in GI- Shigella)
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4
Q

B-lactam

A 
Cell Wall inhibitor--/PBPs
Bactericidal 
(X) Broad spectrum
D-ala-D-ala analog---/PBP's
1. penicillins
2. cephalosporins
3. carbapenems
4. monobactams
(-) bacterial lysis syndrome: chills, fever, aches (due to inflam response to bact)
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5
Q

Penicillins

A 
B lactams
1. Penacillin G and V
2. Oxacillin
3. Ampicillin
4. Amoxicillin
5. Tiarcillin
6. Piperacillin 
(X) BROAD spectrum
(-) severe allergic reaction: anaphylaxis, serum sickness, rash, fever
-hepatotoxicity, nephritis, seizures
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6
Q

Amoxicillin

A 
B lactam- Penicillin
oral abs (> amp)
(X) Otitis Media
(X) 2nd for Lyme disease
(X) Gram POS and Neg
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7
Q

Ticarcillin

A 
B Lactam- Penicillin
Broad Gram NEG
(X) pseudomonas aeruginosa
(X) gram pos, and/or anaerobes
(-) susceptible to B lactamases
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8
Q

Piperacillin

A 
B Lactam- Penicillin 
Broad Gram NEG
(X) pseudomonas
(X) Klebsiella
(X) ticarcillin-resistant gram neg
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9
Q

Clavulanic Acid

A

B-lactamase inhibitor
B-lactam analog irreversibly–/B lactamase
(X) restore activity of amp/amoxicillin, ticarcillin/piperacillin)

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10
Q

Tazobactam

A

B-lactamase inhibitor
B-lactam analog irreversibly–/B lactamase
(X) restore activity of amp/amoxicillin, ticarcillin/piperacillin)

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11
Q

Cephalosporins

A

B lactam- Cell Wall inhibitors
Injection
(-) allergic reactions, disulfiram rxn with alcohol, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia

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12
Q

Cefazolin

A 
B lactam- Cephalosporin 1st gen
Gram POS 
IV/IM, longer t1/2 (1-2hr)
(X) staph, strep
(X) uncomplicated skin infection
(X) surgical prophylaxis
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13
Q

Cephalexin

A 
B lactam- Cephalosporin 1st gen
Gram POS
oral, short t 1/2 
(X) staph, strep
(X) uncomplicated skin/bone/joint infection
(X) UTI E coli- neg
(X) respiratory, otitis media
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14
Q

Cefuroxime

A

B lactam- Cephalosporin 2nd gen
Penetrate CSF!
(X) Haemophilus
(+) tolerance to gram neg B lactamase

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15
Q

Cefaxitin

A

B lactam- Cephalosporin 2nd gen
(X) anaerobes- B fragilis
(+) tolerance to gram neg B-lactamase

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16
Q

Ceftriaxone

A 
B lactam- Cephalosporin 3rd gen
LONG t 1/2 = 6-9hrs
(X) meningitis
(X) gonorrhea
(X) gram neg: E coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter
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17
Q

Ceftazidime

A 
B lactam- Cephalosporin 3rd gen
Short t 1/2 (90min)
(X) pseudomonas aruginosa
(O) gram pos-strep
(X) gram neg: E coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter
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18
Q

Cefepim

A

B Lactam-Cephalosporin 4th gen
penetrate CSF!
(X) serious inpatient infections
(+) resistant to B lactamases

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19
Q

Imipenem

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A

B lactam- Carbapenem (ESBL-R)
Broad SPectrum
(+) resistant to B lactamases (ESBLs)
(X) mixed infections, ill-defined, non-responsive/resistant
+ cilastatin: prevent hydrolysis
(-) allergic rxn~ cross react w pen
(-) seizure, dizziness, confusion, superinfection , pseudomembranous colitis

20
Q

Aztreonam

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A 
B lactam- Carbapenem
IV/IM
Gram NEG, aerobic rods
(+) NO cross-reactions with B lactams
(-) seizure, anaphylaxis, enterocolitis, EKG changes
21
Q

Vancomycin

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A

Glycopeptide- Bactericidal
bind C-D.Ala.D.Ala–/cell wall crosslink and elongation
IV/oral
Gram POS ONLY
(X) Staph, MRSA
(X) Strep penumoniae- meningitis (+ cephalosporin)
(X) Enterococcus
(X)CDIF (2nd to metronidazole)
(r.) Enterococcus resistance
(-) red man/neck syndrome, nephrotoxic, ototoxic, phlebitis

22
Q

Fosfomycin

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A

Cell wall inhibitor
–/ enoylpyruvyl transferase
(X) uncomplicated UTI (E.coli, Enterococcus)
(-) headache, diarrhea, nausea, vaginitis

23
Q

Bacitracin

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A

Cell Wall inhibitor
Topical —/lipid carrier of cell comp through cell membr
(X) Gram pos skin inf- strep/staph
(-) allergic dermatitis

24
Q

Polymyxin B

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A

Cell membrane inhibitor
bind LPS of gram NEG
-topical
(X) pseudomonas

25
Daptomycin
``` Cell membrane inhibitor bind, cause depolarization= bactericidal (X) Gram POS - complicated skin infections -MSSA/MRSA, bacteremia strep enterococcus (-) nausea, diarrhea, GI flora alt, muscle pain, weakness ```
26
Norfloxacin
``` NA inhibitor- Quinolone (X) UTI- enterobacteriaceae (-) ^^ R for cystitis (-) rash, photosensitivity, peripheral neuropathy, tendon rupure (elderly+ steroid) (O) NOT CHILDREN ```
27
Ciprofloxacin
NA inhibitor- Quinolone (X) UTI (X) infectious diarrhea ( shigella, E coli, salmonella) (X) bone, skin, joint infection (X) chlamydia (-) rash, photosensitivity, peripheral neuropathy, tendon rupure (elderly+ steroid) (O) NOT CHILDREN
28
Moxifloxacin
NA inhibitor- Quinolone Gram POS+ (X) respiratory infection- community aq pneumonia, bronchitis (O)strep pharyngitis (-) rash, photosensitivity, peripheral neuropathy, tendon rupure (elderly+ steroid) (O) NOT CHILDREN
29
Nitrofurantoin
NA inhibitor- Nitrofuran nitroreductase> active*> DNA damage (X) lower UTI (E coli, enterococcus) > turns urine brown (-)hypersensitivity, peripheral neuropathy, pulmonary reaction (cough, dyspnea, fever), liver damage, anemia
30
Rifampin
NA inhibitor --/RNA polymerase B--/ RNA synth (X) TB (X) prophylaxis of meningitis (neisseria, haemophilus influenza type B) (-) hepatotoxicity, orange color secretions (/) INDUCE CYP's
31
Fidaxomicin
NA inhibitor- non-comp--/RNA polymerase (X) CDIF 3rd line (metron, vanco) (-) GI upset, bleeding
32
Metronidazole
NA inhibitor- DNA damage reduction of nitro group by anaerobes> DNA damage (X) anaerobes: CDIF enterocolitis, B. fragilis + tetracycline/amox: Helicobacter (X) Gardnerella vaginalis (-) thrombophlebitis after iV< bacterial/fungal superinfections (Candida)
33
Gentamicin
Protein Synthesis inhibitor-Aminoglycoside (X) pseudomonas (r.) (-) nephrotoxicity (reverse), ototoxicity (irreverse), NM blockade
34
Tobramycin
Protein Synthesis inhibitor-Aminoglycoside (X) pseudomonas (r.) (-) nephrotoxicity (reverse), ototoxicity (irreverse), NM blockade
35
Amikacin
Protein Synthesis inhibitor-Aminoglycoside (X) gentamicin/tobramycin resistant Pseudomonas (-) nephrotoxicity (reverse), ototoxicity (irreverse), NM blockade
36
Doxycycline
``` Protein Synthesis inhibitor-Tetracycline STATIC (X) Rickettsia (X) syphilis (X) uncomplicated N gonorrhea (O) Ca++ supplements: bind, pregnancy, children (-) GI enterocolitis, candida superinfection, photosensitization, teeth discoloration ```
37
Minocycline
Protein Synthesis inhibitor-Tetracycline STATIC (X) syphilis (X) uncomplicated gonorrhea ^^^ Ca++ binding (O) Ca++ supplements: bind, pregnancy, children (-) GI enterocolitis, candida superinfection, photosensitization, teeth discoloration
38
Tigecycline | "Last Line Agent"
Protein Synthesis inhibitor-Glycylcycline STATIC---/30S subunit (X) skin infection (X) complicated intra abdm infection (X) CAP (Comm-aq pneumonia) (X) neg: E coli, citrobacter, klebsiella, enterobacter (X) pos: MSSA/MRSA, strep (X) anaerobes: b. fragilis, C. perfringens (-) Ca+ binding, enterocolitis
39
Erythromycin
Protein Synthesis inhibitor-Macrolide STATIC; bind 50S--/ translocation of ribosomes (X) Gram pos- strep throat for penicillin-allergy (X) chlamydia,mycoplasma, legionella, bordetella (-) nausea, vomit, arrhythmia and cardiac arrest (O) INHIBIT CYP3A
40
Clarithromycin
Protein Synthesis inhibitor-Macrolide STATIC bind 50S--/ translocation of ribosomes ~ erythromycin (less freq dose, less GI effect, wider spectrum) (X) H. influenzae, PR. Strep pneumoniae, mycobacteria, (X) Helicobacter + amoxicillin +omeprazole (-) CV risk
41
Azithromycin
``` Protein Synthesis inhibitor-Macrolide STATIC bind 50S--/ translocation of ribosomes (X) out put resp tract infections (X) chlamydia (X) gonorrhea + ceftriaxone (-) CV effects ```
42
Linezolid
Protein Synthesis inhibitor-Oxazilidinone STATIC; bind 50S--/initiation complex formation (70S) (X) gram POS skin infection (VREnterococcus, Staph aur, strep A and B) (X) Strep pneumoniae, staph (-) --/MAO= tyramine HTN crisis (-) superinfection, enterocolitis, bone marrow suppression
43
Clindamycin
``` Protein Synthesis inhibitor- STATIC; bind 50S--/translocation (X) Strep and MSSA --/toxin (X) B. fragilis (O) CDIF (--) !!!enterocolitis!!!!, hepatotoxic ```
44
Chloramphenicol
Protein Synthesis inhibitor- STATIC--/ aa-tRNA bind to 50S (X) meningitis, brain abscess (-) SERIOUS SIDE EFFECTS: bone marrow depression, grey baby syndrome, optic neuritis>blindness
45
Sulfamethoxazole
Antifolate- Sulfonamide STATIC; comp analog of p aminobenzoic acid (X) + trimethoprim (-) hypersensitivit (rash), crystalluria, INHIBIG CYP2C9
46
Silver Sulfadiazine
Antifolate-Sulfonamide STATICcomp analog of p aminobenzoic acid (X) prevent infection in burn pt (-) hypersensitivit (rash), crystalluria, INHIBIG CYP2C9
47
Trimethoprim
Antifolate STATIC: comp inhibit dihydrofolate reductase (DHF analog) ``` (X) + sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim= RMP/SMX uncomplicated UTI (X) URT, ear infection (X) GI infection (X) pneumocystis jiroveci (AIDS) (-) bone marrow suppression, rash ```

Pharmacology Block 3 (9 decks)

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