Week 19 Drugs

Question 1

Mebendazole

Answer 1

Nematode (round)
- damage microtubules
(X) intestinal roundworms
(-) low bioavailability, low toxicity

Question 2

Albendazole

Answer 2

Nematode (round)/ Cestode (tape) 
*systemic distribution
(X) hydatid cyst disease
(X) neurocystercircosis  (tape)
(X) cutaneous larval migrans 
(-) elevated hepatic enzymes, GI sxs

Question 3

Thiabendazole

Answer 3

Nematode(round)
*systemic distribution
(X) cutaneous larval migrans
(X) strongyloides
(-) GI sxs, dizziness

Question 4

Pyrantel Pamoate

Answer 4

Nematode (round)
-depolarizing NMJ blocker
(X) hook, pin, roundworm 
(O) whip
(-) GI sxs

Question 4

Paromycin Sulfate

Answer 4

Cestode (tape)/ Amebiasis / Paromycin Sulfate

Question 6

Paromomycin Sulfate

Answer 6

Cestode (tape)/ LUMINAL Amebiasis 
-inhibit protein synthesis
(X) 3rd choice cestode
(X) Luminal amebiasis
(-) GI sxs, epigastric pain

Question 7

Chloroquine

Answer 7

Malaria Blood Schizonticide
-prevent toxic heme polymerization--/ infected RBC
(X) prevent all 4 subtypes
(X) eradicate P. falciparum/ malariae
(X) + schizonticide; P. vivax/ovale
(-) visual impairment

Question 8

Mefloquine

Answer 8

Malaria  Blood Schizonticide
(X) Cl-R P. falciparum
(X) prophylaxis 
(O) epilepsy/psychiatric disorder
(-) psychiatric effects, vestibular effects

Question 9

Atovaquone + Proguanil

Answer 9

Malaria Blood Schizonticide
-inhibit pyrimidine syntheisis
 (A--/ mitoch electron transport)
(P--/ DHF-R) 
(X) prevent/tx Cl-R P. falciparum
(-) GI sxs, rash

Question 10

Quinine

Answer 10

Malaria  Blood Schizonticide
(X) severe, acute attacks
(X) Cl-R P. falciparum
(-) cinchonism: headache, visual disturbances, dizziness, tinnitus 
(X) GI sxs, CV arrhythmias

Question 11

Doxycycline (Abx)

Answer 11

Malaria Blood Schizonticide
-inhibit malarial protein synthesis--
 dihydro=orotate DH--/pyrimidine synthesis 
(X) treat/prevent MDR P. falciparum 
(-) abs effects; photsensitivity

Question 11

Primaquine

Answer 11

Malaria Blood Schizonticide

Question 13

Metronidazole (Abx)

Answer 13

TISSUE Amebiasis/ Other Protozoan Diseases
(X) Tissue amebiasis (symptomatic)- E histolytica
(X) Giardia, trichomonas vaginalis

Question 14

Iodoquinol

Answer 14

LUMINAL Amebiasis
(X)+ metronidazole for severe E. histolytica
(O) Idodine sensitivity
(-) GI sxs

Question 15

Atovaquone

Answer 15

Protozoan Disease
-inhibit mitochondrial electron transport
(X)pneumocystis jiroveci (AIDS) 2nd
(X) + rifabutin: Toxoplasma gondii

Question 16

Nitazoxanide

Answer 16

Other Protozoan Diseases
-disrupt anaerobic E metabolism
(X) Giardia, Cryptosporidium
(-) Gi sxs, abdm pain

Question 17

Amantadine

Answer 17

inhibit viral adsorption
(X) prophylaxis of infl A
–/ M2 pore-med uncoating
(-)CNS effects; anxiety, confusion, depression

Question 18

Oseltamivir

Answer 18

inhibit viral release/penetration
(X) influenza A and B (1st 48 hrs)
prodrug> active*–/ NA
(-) nausea, vomit, diarrhea, bronchitis

Question 19

Trifluridine

Answer 19

inhibit Herpes virus NA synthesis
(X) Herpes 1 and 2 Conjunctivitis
Thymidine analog–/DNA synth (chain term)
(-) systemic toxicity= only opthalamic

Question 20

Acyclovir

Answer 20

inhibit Herpes viral NA synthesis
(X) IV- systemic HSV
(X) oral-1o genital or recurrent gingivostomatosis
(X) topical- 1o genital, chickenpox
phosphorylated Guanosine–/ DNA polymerase (chain term)

(-) rash, itching, nausea/vomit, headache, fatigue
(/) low F, short t 1/2

Question 21

Famciclovir

Answer 21

Herpes NA inhibitor
prodrug> penciclovir tri-P*= chain termination
(X) acute herpes zoster (shingles), suppress recurrent genital herpes
(-)

Question 22

Penciclovir

Answer 22

herpes NA inhibitor- (topical)
tri-P*–/DNA polymerase chain elongation
(X) herpes of lips, face
(-) rash, irritation @ site

Question 23

Ganciclovir

Answer 23

CMV NA inhibitor 
-acyclic nucleoside analog> momo-P*-
(X) CMV retinitis
(X) CMV prophylaxis in organ transplant
(-) bone marrow suppression

Question 24

Foscarnet

Answer 24

CMV NA inhibitor
- pyrophosphate analog–/ DNA polymerase
(X) CMV retinitis
(X) acyclovir-resistant HSV
(-) renal damage> electrolyte imbalance, seizures

Question 25

Lamivudine (3TC)

Answer 25

``` Hepatitis/HIV NA inhibitor nucleoside analog--/Reverse Transcriptase (X) Hep B (X)combo tx for HIV (AZT+ 3TC) (-) nausea, diarrhea, rash ```

Question 26

Tenofovir

Answer 26

``` Hepatitis/HIV NA inhibitor adenosine analog--/ RT (X) Hep B (X) combo tx for HIV (-) GI upset ```

Question 27

Ribavirin

Answer 27

``` RSV NA inhibitor -mono-P--/inosine5pDH--/GTP synth - tri-P--/ GTP-dep capping of mRNA (X) severe RSV in children (X) + INF alpha= Hep C (-) anemia, bone marrow suppression ```

Question 28

Interferon alpha

Answer 28

Hepatitis NA inhibitor IFN natural immune stimulants (X) hep B and C (+ Boceprevir + Ribavirin) (venereal warts) (-)flu-like syndrome, leukopenia/bone marrow suppression (-) neurotoxicity, myalgia

Question 29

Boceprevir

Answer 29

``` Hepatitis C NA inhibitor + ribavirin + PEG-IFN alpha (X) Hep C, genotype 1 (-) anemia, neutropenia (O)strong CYP3A inhibitor ```

Question 30

Zidovudine (AZT)

Answer 30

NRTI HIV tx Thymidine analog> AZT-3P*--/RT (X) HIV (-) bone marrow suppression, anemia, neutropenia, myopathy (O) glucuronyl transferase inhibitors (Aspirin, acetaminophen)

Question 31

Emtricitabine

Answer 31

NRTI HIV tx analog of 3TC- Lamivudine --/RT (X) combo tx for HIV (-) GI upset

Question 32

Abacavir

Answer 32

NRTI (X) combo tx for HIV (O) hypersensitivity (HLA-B*5701 allele)

Question 33

Efavirenz

Answer 33

non-NRTI active as given, allosteric conform change--/RT (X) multi-drug tx for HIV (-) CNS sxs: psychiatric, nightmares, rash

Question 34

Lopinavir

Answer 34

``` Inhibit HIV Aspartic Protease (X) in combo w NRTIs for HIV 1 and 2 -competitive inhibitor of protease---/AP (-) diabetes, altered lipid metabolism, fat redistribution (O) CYP3A inhibitor ```

Question 35

Ritonavir

Answer 35

``` inhibit HIV Aspartic Protease-BOOST (X) BOOSTER of other PIs -^ levels of PIs by ---/CYP3A (-) diabetes, altered lipid metabolism, fat redistribution (O) CYP3A inhibitor ```

Question 36

Enfuvirtide

Answer 36

HIV Fusion Inhibitor (X) HIV 1 ONLY- with failed regimens -bind gp41---/fusion of HIV:CD4+ (-)injection site rxns**, GI upset, fatigue

Question 37

Maraviroc

Answer 37

HIV CCR5 Antagonists--/entry (X) CCR5-tropic HIV -antagonist on SELF CCR5-coR--/HIV gp120 intxn (-)hepatotoxicity, CV events

Question 38

Raltegravir

Answer 38

HIV Integrase Inhibitors -prevent integration of HIV1 into host genome (X) HIV-1 new and experienced pts (resistant)