Week 2

Question 1

what are the functions of bones?

Answer 1

support, protection, leverage, storage, and blood cell formation

Question 2

what are 2 types of bones?

Answer 2

cancellous and compact

Question 3

What are cancellous bones?

Answer 3

light and spongy

Question 4

what are compact bones?

Answer 4

dense and heavy

Question 5

what are compact bones composed of?

Answer 5

haversian systems

Question 6

what is the periosteum

Answer 6

membrane that covers the outer surface of bones

Question 7

what is the endosteum

Answer 7

membrane that lines the hollow interior surface of bones

Question 8

What are osteoblasts?

Answer 8

cells that produce bone

Question 9

what do osteoclasts do?

Answer 9

they remodel/remove bone

Question 10

what are osteocytes?

Answer 10

osteoblasts surrounded by bone

Question 11

what are Volkmann canals?

Answer 11

channels through bone matrix that contain blood vessels

Question 12

what do nutrient foramina contain

Answer 12

large blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves

Question 13

what are 2 possible bone formations

Answer 13

Endochondral bone formation and intramembranous bone formation

Question 14

what are the 4 basic shapes of bones>?

Answer 14

long, short, flat and irregular

Question 15

what are the 2 types of bone marrow?

Answer 15

red and yellow

Question 16

what are the three articulate bone surfaces?

Answer 16

condyle, head, and facet

Question 17

what are processes?

Answer 17

projections off a bone surface

Question 18

what is a foramen?

Answer 18

a hole in a bone

Question 19

what is a fossa

Answer 19

depressed area on the surface of a bone

Question 20

what is the axial skeleton?

Answer 20

bones alone the central axis of the body

Question 21

what bones is the axial skeleton composed of?

Answer 21

skull, hyoid bone, spinal column, ribs, and sternum

Question 22

Approx. how many bones is the skull make of?

Answer 22

37 to 38

Question 23

What are the bones of the inner ear?

Answer 23

incus, malleus, and staples

Question 24

what are the bones of the face?

Answer 24

incisive bones(2), lacrimal bones (2) mandible (1 or 2), maxillary bones (2), nasal bones (2), zygomatic bones(2)

Question 25

what do vertebrae consist of?

Answer 25

body, arch, and process

Question 26

what are intervertebral disks

Answer 26

cartilage separating bodies of adjacent vertebrae

Question 27

how many cervical vertebrae are there?

Answer 27

7

Question 28

what is the C1 vertebrae called?

Answer 28

atlas

Question 29

what is the C2 vertebrae called?

Answer 29

axis

Question 30

how many thoracic vertebrae are there?

Answer 30

13

Question 31

how many lumbar vertebrae are there?

Answer 31

7

Question 32

where is the sacral vertebrae?

Answer 32

attached to the pelvic bones

Question 33

what is the coccygeal vertebrae?

Answer 33

the tail bone

Question 34

what type of bones are ribs?

Answer 34

flat

Question 35

where is costal cartilage?

Answer 35

ventral end of the ribs

Question 36

what is the costochondral junction?

Answer 36

where costal cartilage meets bony rib

Question 37

Where is the manubrium sterni?

Answer 37

most cranial sternebra

Question 38

where is the xiphoid process?

Answer 38

most caudal sternebra

Question 39

What is the appendicular skeleton composed of?

Answer 39

the main appendages of the body (the limbs)

Question 40

Proximal to distal order what bones make up the thoracic limb?

Answer 40

scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpal bones (carpus), metacarpal bones, phalanges

Question 41

what is the scapula?

Answer 41

shoulder blade

Question 42

what is the humerus?

Answer 42

long bone of the upper arm

Question 43

what does brachium mean?

Answer 43

arm

Question 44

what is tubercles?

Answer 44

processes where the shoulder muscles attach

Question 45

what is the Antebrachium?

Answer 45

Forearm

Question 46

what is the main weight bearing bone of the antebrachium?

Answer 46

radius

Question 47

what is the carpus?

Answer 47

wrist

Question 48

in dogs and cats how are the metacarpal bones numbered?

Answer 48

medial to lateral

Question 49

how are the metacarpal bones numbered on cattle?

Answer 49

medial to distal

Question 50

what does the equine thoracic limb phalanges composed of?

Answer 50

proximal phalanx (fetlock), middle phalanx (pastern), distal phalanx (coffin), and sesamoid bones (proximal and distal or navicular)

Question 51

Proximal to distal what are the bones of the pelvic limb?

Answer 51

pelvis: (ilium, ischium, pubis), femur, tibia, fibula, tarsal bones (tarsus), metatarsal bones, phalages

Question 52

how many joins are there on the pelvis?

Answer 52

5 total

Question 53

what is the pelvis symphysis?

Answer 53

joint between the two halves of the pelvis

Question 54

What is the Femur?

Answer 54

long bone of the leg

Question 55

what is the trochlea?

Answer 55

articular groove containing the patella

Question 56

what connection is a tendon?

Answer 56

bone to bone connection

Question 57

what connection is a ligament

Answer 57

muscle to bone

Question 58

what is the main weight bearing bone of the lower limb?

Answer 58

tibia

Question 59

What is the visceral skeleton?

Answer 59

bones that form organs

Question 60

what are some examples of visceral skeletons?

Answer 60

os cordis (heart of cattle of sheep), os penis (penis of dogs, beavers, raccoons, and walruses), and os rostri (nose of swine)

Question 61

what are the three general classifications of joints?

Answer 61

fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial

Question 62

what are synathroses?

Answer 62

fibrous joints

Question 63

what are amphiarthroses?

Answer 63

cartilaginous joints

Question 64

what are diathroses?

Answer 64

synovial joints

Question 65

what are the types of synovial joints?

Answer 65

hinge, gliding, pivot, and ball-and-socket

Question 66

what are ginglymus joints

Answer 66

hinge

Question 67

what are arthrodial joints?

Answer 67

gliding joints

Question 68

what are trochoid joints?

Answer 68

PIVOT JOINTS

Question 69

what are spheroidal joints?

Answer 69

ball-and-socket joints