Week 2

Question 1

What a hunter-gatherer

Answer 1

A member of a nomadic people who live chiefly by hunting, fishing, and harvesting wild food.

Question 2

What is nomadic living

Answer 2

A nomad is someone who lives by traveling from place to place. Nomadic thus means anything that involves moving around a lot

Question 3

What was the first ever city made

Answer 3

The city of Uruk

Question 4

when was The city of Uruk found

Answer 4

4,100 BC

Question 5

going from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to Uruk

Answer 5

• This was around 23,000 years ago
• we were within nomadic terrioty
• it was like a Basecamp (like a cave)
• **The first permanent settlement were next to a water way for both drinking water and fishing (you didn’t need to move at all) **
  (ex Ohalo II)

Haida village (complex hunter gatherers)

Question 6

what is a sedentary lifestyle

Answer 6

not moving around (opposite of nomadic)

Question 7

What changes did a sedentary lifestyle have on society

Answer 7

• You can have/accumulate more things because you don’t need to move around
• Highacrey starts to form as human accumulate wealth
• Hierarchy also starts because there are many more people living together
• More organized territorial warfare (stealing from other communities)
• Slavery can start

Question 8

Reason to come together

Answer 8

• Protection with large numbers
• To herd cattle
• To be near plaster and people building it
• Still likely an accumulation of kinship networks/clans and governed through them

Question 9

are ALL hunter gathers nomadic

Answer 9

NO

Question 10

what are examples of hunter gathers that are NOT nomadic

Answer 10

Ohallo II and Haida villages are examples if hunter-gatherers who live a sedentary lifestyle

Question 11

5 key differences between “simple” and “complex” hunter-gatherers (WSBTH)

Answer 11

Bigger
specialisation
hierarchy
Wealth accumulation
Territorial warfare

Question 12

how did we start growing food

Answer 12

• People in middle east domesticated crops roughly from 10,000 BCE to 6,000 BCE
• through unpurposeful farming
• would get the food they liked and bring it to their land
• they would puposly light there land on fire because it was good for growing food

Question 13

what would they use large carved out stones for

Answer 13

• ceremonies/it was religious where other colonies could go
• they could pound the grain temporally for the ceremony (no need to worry if it goes bad)

Question 14

3 reasons to think Gobekli tepe was not a large permanent settlement

Answer 14

• No access to water
• No stortage
• No farming

Question 15

why is Catalhoyuk
important

Answer 15

first known city

Question 16

when was Catalhoyuk
created

Answer 16

7500 BC to 6400 BC

Question 17

how Catalhoyuks way of living unique

Answer 17

• They would go out there houses through there roof, making the top of the roof the area to socialise
• traded
• The beginning of domesticating cattle
• governed themselves through families/clans
• it doesn’t have a centralised power

Question 18

Reason not to come together

Answer 18

You need to walk so far to get to field

Question 19

what Hamoukar founded (another city)

Answer 19

• Found rounded rock that were designed to be pelted to kill people or take down walls
• First physical evinced if warfare they found in history (they found it acc on sight )
• 3,500 BC

Question 20

whats food did South America
Domestication (PSSC)

Answer 20

Potatoes
Cassava
Sweets potatoes
Squash

Question 21

whats food did North America
Domestication (CCAP)

Answer 21

Corn
Peppers
Avocado
Chocolate

Question 22

what food did New Guinea
Domestication (BYTPW)

Answer 22

Banana
Yam
Taro
Pineapple
Watermelon

Question 23

whats food did Europe
Domestication(TCB)

Answer 23

Turnup
Cabbage
Berries

Question 24

whats food did China
Domestication (ROM)

Answer 24

Rice
Millet
Oranges

Question 25

The negatives of becoming a farmer

Answer 25

Fammo pron to starving to death If the crops fail you die Higher risk of disease Harder work

Question 26

Why give up the good life for farming?

Answer 26

They enabled a much bigger population, which meant they would win in fights and take of territory easier Farmers would create new diseases then become immune to them, so many hunter-gatherers would get sick As they took over territories, this would force other hunter-gatherers to become farmers to

Question 27

Which came first: Large settlements or agriculture?

Answer 27

Larger settlements that created the agriculture naturally without realising

Question 28

Why did marshes lead to cities

Answer 28

- You needed to drain the marshes They made connells around the cities Creating dams - They were so many people needed to build on this difficult land that population was needed and grown They went there because there was not many spots to build - They needed hierarchy (someone to codante the people to build larger scale never before made buildings ) The person to solve the problems creates the ability to become the leader and build even more

Question 29

what is Ubaid known for?

Answer 29

- First people to have hierarchy - Invented the pottery wheel - Had larger buildings

Question 30

Why is hierarchy important for big irrigation projects and cites

Answer 30

You need someone to plan and delegate projects to make the building happen

Question 31

How is this different from Catalhoyuk

Answer 31

They didn't have one hierarchy they had smaller made up clans

Question 32

when was Uruk Height

Answer 32

- Height: 3100 BCE (became the biggest city in the world) - 40,000 people lived in the citie - Outside city was was 80-90,000 people - Had strong hierarchy

Question 33

what craft did they create

Answer 33

They created a form writing where they originally used it for trade