Week 2 Flashcards
(35 cards)
Mood disorder
a sad, despairing mood that is present most days and lasts at least two weeks
At least 5 symptoms which persist at least two weeks (1 of which must be low mood or loss of interest/pleasure in all activities)
Can affect children, adults, older adults (NOT A NORMAL PART OF AGING)
Depression:
NOT a typical phase in human aging.
Male and Female is equal
Causation: likely a mix of genetics, stress, brain structure
Comorbidities: anxiety, ADHD, substance misuse, PTSD
Symptoms of depression:
Blunt (flat) affect
Depressed mood most of the day and for most days
Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, helplessness or hopelessness
Loss of interest or pleasure in usually-enjoyed activities
Change in weight or appetite
Sleep disturbances
Decreased energy or fatigue (without significant physical exertion)
Thoughts of death
Poor concentration/ difficulty making decisions
Psychomotor agitation or retardation observable difference in speech/ movements
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
behavioural activation and cognitive restructuring
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
Form of CBT, mindfulness/acceptance, choosing to live values
OT Intervention for Depression:
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) approach
Goal setting (goals based on where they fall in Maslow and Rehabilitation Hierarchy)
Development of regular routine including self care and sleep hygiene
Increase self-efficacy
Increase social interactions/community reintegration
“Fake it til you make it.”
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
Behavioural Activation – 3 types of activities help our mood
1) Pleasurable
2) Accomplishment
3) Overcoming avoidance
Bipolar disorder:
Mood disorder
Brain disorder with unusual shifts in mood, energy level and activity level
Episodes of mania/hypomania alternate with episodes of depression
Mania:
Abnormally elevated, expansive or irritable mood in conjunction with grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, rapid speech, psychomotor agitation, and involvement in high-risk activities.
Characterized by impaired judgment
States tend to last days to weeks (typically neutral periods as well)
Hypomania
less severe form of mania
Abnormally elevated, expansive or irritable mood, but at a lower intensity and without as marked impairment in social and occupational functioning
May include periods of high efficiency or creativity
Bipolar 1
Episodes of mania usually alternating with depression
Bipolar II
Depressive episodes that alternate with hypomanic episodes.
Cyclothymia
numerous mild depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes often for at least two years- often undiagnosed and untreated.
Irvin Yalom ‘Group assumptions’
Group dynamics are healing
Leaders foster cohesiveness, support, and integration.
Group member interaction is the engine for change
Irvin Yalom Therapeutic Factors Most Relevant to OTA/PTA led groups:
1) Instillation of hope
2) Universality
3) Altruism
4) Imitative Behaviour
Tuckman’s Model of Group Performance:
1) Forming facts
2) Storming emotions
3) Norming values
4) Performing actions
Mary McNamara and Theresa Straathof ensured these 3 elements (identified by Greenberger and Padesky as integral to behavioural activation) were included in their therapeutic groups. Please list the 3 elements.
Movement, Pleasure, Mastery
A diagnosis of Bipolar II means hypomanic episodes are present. What is true about hypomania?
A : The manic episodes are less extreme than the episodes experienced in Bipolar I.
B: During a hypomanic episode, catastrophic thoughts are common.
C: The manic episodes are more extreme than the episodes experienced in Bipolar I.
D: They include more frequent impulsive, high-risk behaviours than are experienced in Bipolar I
A : The manic episodes are less extreme than the episodes experienced in Bipolar I.
Feeling helpless, hopeless and worthless with poor concentration and memory: these emotional/cognitive symptoms and signs could be present in:
A. Depression but not Bipolar disorder
B. Neither bipolar nor depression
C. Both bipolar and depression
D. Bipolar disorder but not depression.
C. Both bipolar and depression
OT intervention often includes elements of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for clients with depression.
True False
True
Choose the best answer. Which of the following is FALSE?
A : Protective factors (e.g., healthy diet, exercise, good social network) can moderate the impact of stress on social and emotional well-being
B: The field of mental health promotion supports viewing mental health along a continuum for the whole population including those with diagnosable disorders
C: It is impossible to experience good mental health or well-being with a diagnosed mental illness.
D: Using substances such as alcohol are not optimal long-term coping strategies
C : It is impossible to experience good mental health or well-being with a diagnosed mental illness.
What term is generally defined as a condition that causes alterations in an individual’s thoughts, mood and/or behaviour and includes significant functional impairment?
Mental illness
Anhedonia
Psychomotor agitation
Mental health
Mental illness
Which of the following is true?
A - Extreme elation, intense irritability and chaotic thinking are some indicators of a state of mania
B - Depression is NOT a typical phase in human aging.
C - Pressured speech, fighting, being hypersexual and making impossible plans are behaviours typical of mania.
D - Fighting with peers, drug abuse and isolating oneself may be signed of depression in adolescence
B - Depression is NOT a typical phase in human aging.
Which of the following could be a sign of depression?
A - Reports of feeling sad for more than two weeks
B - Acting impulsively
C - Flat affect
C - Flat affect
