week 2

Question 1

maximalist approach

Answer 1

• emphasize differences between members of different sex groups
• views them as qualitatively different

Question 2

minimalist approach

Answer 2

• emphasize similarities between members of different sex groups

Question 3

true experiments

Answer 3

• manipulation of IV to observe changes in DV
• assigns participants randomly to each control, help establish cause and effect

Question 4

correlational studies

Answer 4

• test hypotheses about the strength and direction of relations between pairs of continuous variables
• stronger correlation = more accurate predictions

Question 5

longitudinal designs

Answer 5

• follow the same people over time and measure variables at multiple points in time

Question 6

cross sectional designs

Answer 6

• measure variables at one point in time

Question 7

case studies

Answer 7

• in depth investigation of a single person, group or event
• lacks generalizability
• interpretations of results can vary

Question 8

interviews

Answer 8

• asking participants open ended questions
• unstructured, semi-structured, structured

Question 9

focus groups

Answer 9

• interviews conducted in a group format, guided by a moderator
• good for representing marginalized groups

Question 10

mixed-methods

Answer 10

• combines quantitative and qualitative methods within a single study

Question 11

literature review

Answer 11

• published materials that provide examination of recent or current literature

Question 12

meta-analysis

Answer 12

• technique that statistically combines the results of several quantitative studies
• provide a more precise effect of the results

Question 13

researcher bias

Answer 13

• researchers behave in subtle ways that influence the outcome of a study

Question 14

participant bias

Answer 14

• participants’ responses are influenced by what they think the researcher expects

Question 15

androcentrism

Answer 15

• tendency to view men as the default for the species and women as exceptions in need of explanation

Question 16

poor sampling methods

Answer 16

• can compromise the generalizability of research findings

Question 17

lack of intersectionality

Answer 17

• solely making male female comparisons and ignore other relevant demographic variables

Question 18

gender based analysis

Answer 18

• way of thinking critically about how gender biases, ideologies and assumptions operate in psychology
• helps us ask better questions without reinforcing gender stereotypes

Question 19

scientific positivism

Answer 19

• emphasizes the scientific method
• proposes objective/value-free knowledge is attainable through empirical investigation

feminist critique
- respects science, disagrees that is is objective and value-free

Question 20

guidelines to conduct gender fair research

Answer 20

• eliminating sex bias from sampling, avoid using men as the standard
• non-gender based terminology
• not exaggerate the prevalence and magnitude of sex differences
• not implying that sex differences are due to biological causes when biological factors have not been tested

Question 21

reverse causation

Answer 21

• cause and effect relationship between 2 variables can be the reverse of what is initially assumed

Question 22

third variable problem

Answer 22

• possibility that an unmeasured 3rd variable (z) is responsible for the relationship between the 2 correlated variables (x,y)

Question 23

mixed methods
sequential explanatory

Answer 23

quantitative - qualitative

Question 24

mixed methods
sequential exploratory

Answer 24

qualitative - quantitative

Question 25

mixed methods convergent parallel

Answer 25

quantitative and qualitative at the same time

Question 26

female deficit model

Answer 26

- perceiving sex differences as arising from something that women lack

Question 27

masculine generic

Answer 27

- using masculine pronouns to refer to all people