Week 2

Question 1

What is the Integumentary System composed of?

Answer 1

All 4 tissue types

The four tissue types are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue.

Question 2

What are some related structures of the Integumentary System?

Answer 2

• Hair
• Nails
• Hooves
• Horns
• Claws
• Glands (e.g., sweat and sebaceous)

These structures play various roles in protection and sensory functions.

Question 3

List the functions of the Integumentary System.

Answer 3

• Protect body
• Prevent water loss
• Store nutrients
• Immune defense
• Receive sensory input

These functions are vital for maintaining homeostasis and overall health.

Question 4

What are the layers of the skin?

Answer 4

• Epidermis (top layer)
• Dermis (skin)
• Hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)

The epidermis is the outermost layer, while the dermis contains connective tissue and the hypodermis anchors the skin.

Question 5

What are epidermal skin cells called?

Answer 5

Keratinocytes

Keratinocytes produce keratin, a protein that helps protect the skin.

Question 6

What is the function of Arrector Pili?

Answer 6

Makes fur stand up on end

This muscle is responsible for causing ‘goosebumps’ in response to cold or fear.

Question 7

Define Dermatitis.

Answer 7

Skin inflammation

Dermatitis can result from various irritants or allergens.

Question 8

What does Pruritus refer to?

Answer 8

Itchiness

Pruritus is often a symptom of skin conditions or allergies.

Question 9

What is Mange?

Answer 9

Mites living in the skin (one cause of dermatitis)

Mange can lead to significant irritation and hair loss in affected animals.

Question 10

Identify the two types of mites associated with Mange.

Answer 10

• Demodex (cigar shaped)
• Sarcoptes (round shaped)

These mites differ in shape and have different effects on the host’s skin.

Question 11

What are the layers of hair?

Answer 11

• Medulla (soft keratin & air/liquid)
• Cortex (hard keratin)
• Cuticle (hard keratin)

These layers contribute to the hair’s strength and texture.

Question 12

Atopy

Answer 12

Dermatitis due to allergies

Question 13

Alopecia

Answer 13

Hair/fur loss from many possible causes

Question 14

Types of Hair

Answer 14

1. Primary or guard hairs
   - Straight, thick, long
2. Secondary or wool hairs
   - Softer, short, important for insulation
3. Tactile or sinus hairs
   - Sensory ending hairs, rooted deeply, ex. whiskers

Question 15

Special Features of the Integument

Answer 15

• Paw pads
• Planum nasale
• Ergots and chestnuts
• Cutaneous pouches in sheep
• Glands in skin
• Hoof
• Horns
• Claws

Question 16

Growth Cycle of Hair

Answer 16

1. Anagen (growth phase)
2. Catagen (period of transition, resting)
3. Telegen (resting phase, hair stops growing/max hair length)

Question 17

Ecdysis

Answer 17

Shedding of the skin due to growth or injury, under thyroid gland control

Question 18

Dysecdysis

Answer 18

Difficulty shedding of the skin

Question 19

What are horns made of?

Answer 19

Keratin

Question 20

What are antlers made of?

Answer 20

Bone

Question 21

What are the functions of bone?

Answer 21

Support
Protect
Leverage
Storage of minerals
Blood cell formation

Question 22

What is bone made of?

Answer 22

Calcium and Phosphorous from dietW

Question 23

What are the two types of bone?

Answer 23

Cancellous and Compact

Question 24

Cancellous bone

Answer 24

Light and spongey, usually on inside

Question 25

Compact bone

Answer 25

Dense and heavy, usually on outside

Question 26

The term “osteo” refers to

Answer 26

Bones

Question 27

Which hormone secreted by the thyroid gland encourages calcium to move into bone (from the blood)?

Answer 27

Calcitonin

Question 28

Which type of bone formation involves the formation of a cartilage template that is eventually replaced by bone?

Answer 28

endochondral ossification

Question 29

The kneecap is the largest ________ bone in the body.

Answer 29

sesamoid

Question 30

What are 3 types of synovial joints?

Answer 30

hinge joints, pivot joints, and ball and socket joints.

Question 31

Is the integument considered an organ?

Answer 31

Yes

Question 32

Bones of the limbs are called the __________ skeleton.

Answer 32

appendicular

Question 33

Osteoclast

Answer 33

breaks bone down

Question 34

Osteocyte

Answer 34

resting osteoblasts

Question 35

Osteoblast

Answer 35

builds bone

Question 36

What are the hormones that regulate calcium?

Answer 36

Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone

Question 36

Why is calcium in blood necessary?

Answer 36

Muscle contraction and heart

Question 37

What does the parathyroid hormone (gland) do?

Answer 37

Moves calcium into blood from bone

Question 38

What are the methods of bone formation?

Answer 38

intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification