Week 2

Question 1

If an experiment is too easy, this can result in what?

Answer 1

Ceiling effects

Question 2

If an experiment is too hard, this can result in what?

Answer 2

Floor effects

Question 3

Practice effects are associated with what kind of design?

Answer 3

Within-subjects design

Question 4

Is this true of an experimental design? The independent variable is manipulated, changes in the dependent variable are measured.

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

What is a specific, testable claim or prediction about what you expect to observe given a set of circumstances?

Answer 5

A hypothesis

Question 6

Extraneous variable

Answer 6

Anything other than the independent variable that could affect the dependent variable

Question 7

Confounding variable

Answer 7

A type of extraneous variable that not only affects the dependent variable, but also varies with the independent variable in a systematic manner.

Question 8

The extent to which we can be sure that the changes observed have actually been caused by our manipulation, rather than other factors is called

Answer 8

Internal validity

Question 9

Participants’ behaviour changes over time naturally (i.e. nothing to do with the treatment/intervention) is referred to as what

Answer 9

Maturation effects

Question 10

What is it called when something changes about the participants’ circumstances that influences the variables (e.g. good/bad life events, cultural events)

Answer 10

History effects

Question 11

Having been tested before may have changed how they do on the post test is what

Answer 11

Testing effects

Question 12

Construct validity

Answer 12

Method of measurement actually measures the construct you intend to measure

Question 13

Using appropriate stimulus and measures, randomisation, control group, counterbalancing, experimental control (holding other variables constant). These are ways to increase or decrease what?

Answer 13

Increase internal validity

Question 14

The extent to which the results of a study have any real-world relevance is called what? (also referred to as ecological validity)

Answer 14

External validity

Question 15

Generalisability

Answer 15

How much our findings can be generalised to other groups of people, in other circumstances.