Week 2

Question 1

What is the function of the right and left auricles?

Answer 1

Extensions of the atria and will fill with blood

Question 2

If a nere runs anterior to the hilum of thelung what is it?

Answer 2

The phrenic nerve

Question 3

If a nerve runsposterior to the hilum of the lung what is it?

Answer 3

The vagus nerve

Question 4

What is the first branch of the aorta

Answer 4

The coronary arteries

Question 5

Above the aortic valve there are sinuses true or false?

Answer 5

True these are the opening for the coronary arteries

Question 6

Where would you auscultate for the tricuspid valve?

Answer 6

4th intercostal space left sternal edge

Question 7

Where would you auscultate for the aortic valve?

Answer 7

2nd intercostal space right sternal edge

Question 8

Where would you auscultate for the pulmonary valve?

Answer 8

2nd intercostal space left sternal edge

Question 9

Where would you auscultate for the mitral valve?

Answer 9

5th left intercostal space mid clavicular line

Question 10

What could you prescribe to a patient presenting with a ventricular tachycardia?

Answer 10

Lidocaine
Disopyramide
Amiodarone

Question 11

Patient presents with atrial fibrillation, what can you prescribe?

Answer 11

Digoxin (monotherapy)

Then combo therapy 2 of following;

Beta-blocker
Diltiazem
Digoxin

Question 12

Patient presents with wolff-parkinson white syndrome, what is this? What would you prescribe?

Answer 12

When arrhythmias occur due to an accessory conducting pathway

Flecainide
Amiodarone

Question 13

What germ layer is the heart derived from?

Answer 13

The ectoderm

Question 14

In the developing embryo what aortic arch gives rise to the common carotid arteries

Answer 14

3th arch

Question 15

In the developing embryo what does the truncus arteriosus develop into?

Answer 15

Aorta and pulmonary trunk

Question 16

In the developing embryo what does the bulbus cordis develop into?

Answer 16

Trabeculated part of the right ventricle

Outflow of both ventricles

Question 17

In the developing embryo what does the sinus venosus develop into?

Answer 17

Smooth part of the right atrium

Coronary sinus

Question 18

What is the direction of blood flow through the primitive heart of the embyro

Answer 18

Moves caudal to cranial

Question 19

Name the components of the heart tube from cranial to caudal

Answer 19

Truncus arteriosus
Bulbus cordis
Ventricle
Atrium
Sinus venosus

Question 20

What are the three layers of the heart

Answer 20

Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium

Question 21

What is contained within the endocardium WALL of the heart?

Answer 21

Layers of endothelium
Basal lamina
Collagen fibres
Dense CT

Question 22

What is contained within the myocardium of the heart?

Answer 22

Cardiac muscle in a fibrous matrix

Striated with intercalated discs

Question 23

What is contained within the epicardium of the heart?

Answer 23

Outer layer of flattened simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium) on basal lamina
CT
Adipose

Question 24

What are the blood vessels that supply large blood vessels called?

Answer 24

Vasa vasorum

Question 25

Describe the layers of the blood vessel from lumen to outer

Answer 25

Tunica intima (squamous epithelial with basal lamina) (Internal elastic membrane) Tunia media (smooth muscle) (External elastic membrane) Tunica adventitia (CT

Question 26

What are the three different types of capillaries? What do the different types allow?

Answer 26

Different permeabilities Continuous Fenestrated Sinusoidal/ discontinuous

Question 27

What are pericytes?

Answer 27

Found in capillaries, CT cells that can contract

Question 28

What is the vertebral level of the cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves?

Answer 28

T1-T5

Question 29

What anatomical features distinguish the superior mediastinum?

Answer 29

Anything above T4 and the sternal angle

Question 30

A nerve runs posterior to the root of the lung and on the surface of the trachea on the right side. What is it?

Answer 30

The vagus nerve

Question 31

A nerve runs across the arch of aorta moving posterior to the root of the lung on the left side. What is it?

Answer 31

The vagus nerve

Question 32

What are the two branches of the left coronary artery?

Answer 32

Left anterior descending (LAD) | Left marginal artery and circumflex artery

Question 33

The right coronary artery gives rise to the posterior interventricular artery? True or false?

Answer 33

True

Question 34

What are the most commonly used vessels in a coronary arterial bypass graft?

Answer 34

Great saphenous vein Radial artery Mammary artery (internal thoracic artery)

Question 35

What is the arteries supply the nodes and bundle branches

Answer 35

The posterior interventricular artery | LAD

Question 36

Why is LDL cholesterol considered ‘bad’

Answer 36

If there is excess LDL it will enter a damaged artery wall to become oxidised, these will then become engulfed by monocytes forming a fatty streak, inflammatory substances are then released causing deposition of collagen and the formation of a plaque.

Question 37

Why is HDL considered the good cholesterol?

Answer 37

As it transports excess cholesterol from cells to the liver (only liver can break it down)

Question 38

What is the healthy range for total cholesterol ? Healthy range for HDL cholesterol

Answer 38

Less than 5mmol/l Less than 3mmol/l

Question 39

What causes aneurysms?

Answer 39

Abnormal persistent dilation of the blood to the weakening in a vessel wall. Anything that causes inflammation e.g syphilis, mycotic infection, congenital disease,

Question 40

What is aortic dissection?

Answer 40

Split of the aortic artery 2cm above the AV valve causing blood to fill in the vessel wall

Question 41

Someone presents tall, thin, long arms/ legs/fingers/ toes, flexible joints and with an aortic dissection What disorder does this person have?

Answer 41

Marfans syndrome