Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Cardiovascular JC > Week 5 > Flashcards

Week 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is acute coronary syndrome?

A

Any acute presentation of coronary artery disease e.g angina, MI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How can ACS occur?

A

Due to rupture of the atheromatus plaque, from lipid content of plaque, thickness of fibrous cap, change in pressure, twisting of arteries, mechanical injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Man presents acutely with MI what is your treatment?

A

MONA T

Morphine (antiametic)
Oxygen
Nitrates (GTN)
Aspirin (300mg)

Ticagrelor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Man presents with ST elevation MI, its been less than 20 minutes, what is the treatment?

A

MONA plus T

Coronary angioplasty

If more than 4 hours give thrombolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Man presents with non-ST elevation MI, treatment?

A

Mona plus T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In the capillaries what is the main starling force that governs entry and exit of materials from capillary to lumen?

A

Outwards; capillary hydrostatic pressure (result of BP in capillary)

Inwards; capillary osmotic pressure (due to pressure of plasma proteins in the blood)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some of the causes of left sided heart failure?

A

Ischaemic heart disease

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Valvular disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Man presents with dysponea on exertion, orthopnoea, paroxysmal dyspnoea, pulmonary oedema. On examination, has tachycardia, crepitations and a third heart sound with galloping rhythm. What is the diagnosis?

A

Left sided heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the treatment for left sided heart failure?

A 
Sit them up
Give oxygen
IV Furosemide (diuretic)
IV Diamorphine 
IV nitrates

LMNOP (loop diuretic, morphine, nitrates, oxygen, position),

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Women present with oedema in ankles, a raised JVP, enlarged liver, ascites. She is known to have COPD

A

Right sided heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the drugs in the ACE inhibitors

A

Captopril
Enalapril
Lisinopril

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

You suspect an MI, what blood tests would you order?

A

Troponin

CK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define an ectopic beat

A

Beats of rhythms that originate in places other than the SA node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is wolf parkinson white syndrome?

A

Where there is more than one conduction pathway of the heart with a different speed of depolarisation causing delta waves to be present ( on the qrs complex it has two different gradients)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What factors can increase phase 4 of the cardiac myocyte action potential? AKA increase heart rate

A 
Hyperthermia
Hypoxia
Hypercapnia
Cardiac dilation
Hypokalaemia (prolonging repolariszation)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the arrhythmia torsades de pointes

A

A type of ventricular tachycardia in people with long QT intervals. Will look like quick irregular QRS complexes. This can progress to VF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What would you use a 24 hr holter ECG to investigate?

A

Paroxysmal arrhythmia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Patient is classed as bradycardic, what is his heart rate?

A

Less than 60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

AV nodal re-entrant tachycardia, Av reciprocating tachycardia and ectopic atrial tachycardia. Are all causes of what arrythmia?

A

Regular supraventricular tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe the treatment for a supraventricular tachycardia

A

Increase vagal tone by the valsava maneouvre (closing nose and breathing against it), carotid massage

Slowing down AVN conduction by adenosine IV or verapamil IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is radiofrequency catheter ablation?

A

Selective cauterisation of cardiac tissue to prevent tachycardia- targeting an automatic focus of re-entry circuit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is lenegres disease? Who does it commonly effect?

A

Acquired complete heart block due to idiopathic fibrosis and calcification of the electrical conduction system of the heart.

Commonly seen in elderly

23
Q

Describe 1st degree heart block

A

Where PR interval is longer than 0.2 s

24
Q

Describe 2nd degree heart block

A

Where there is progressive lengthening of PR interval then dropping QRS

25
Describe 3rd degree heart block
Where there is no action potentials going from SA node to AV node, P waves and QRS dissociated
26
What are dual chamber pacemakers used for?
Maintaining Atrio-ventricular synchrony, used in atrio ventricular disease
27
Which arrythmia is shockable with a defib?
Ventricular fibrillation
28
What is the treatment for ventricular tachycardia?
Adenosine IV VT catheter ablation Cardiovertor defibrillators
29
Man 70 presents with an irregularly irregular heart beat that is paroxysmal (comes and goes). He is also obese with hypertension. what is this likely to be?
Atrial fibrillation
30
What are some of the causes of atrial fibrillation?
``` Hypertension Heart failure Coronary heart disease Obesity Thyropid disease Cardiac valve disease Alcohol abuse Heart disease COPD Pneumonia Pericardiits ```
31
What are the risk factors for thrombo-embolism?
CHAD’S VAS ``` Congenital heart failure Hypertension Age over 75 Diabetes Stroke Vascular disease Age 65-74 Sex female ```
32
What are some rate controlling anti-arrhythmia drugs?
Digoxin Beta blockers Verapamil or diltiazem
33
What are the 4 H’s that can reversibly cause cardiac arrest?
Hypoxia Hypovolaemia Hypo/hyperkalaemia Hypothermia
34
What are the 4 T’s that can reversibly cause cardiac arrest? How would you treat them?
Thrombosis; thrombolysis Tension pneumothorax; needle thoracentesis Cardiac tamponade; needble cardiocentesis Toxins; specific
35
How do you determine the axis of the heart on an ECG?
Looking at the limb leads If lead I has higher QRS than lead III then axis lying to the left
36
Someone presents with STEMI 45 minutes after the event, what is the treatment?
MONA plus C Morphine, oxygen, nitroglycerin (GTN), aspirin (300mg), clopidogrel (600mg) PCI
37
Patient presents with pulmonary oedema following right sided heart failure, what is the treatment>
LMNOP ``` Lasix (frusemide) Morphine Nitrates Oxygen Position (Sit up) ```
38
Post MI what is the likely medication a patient will be given
``` LMWH Aspirin and clopidogrel ACE inhibitor Spironolactone Furosemide Beta blocker Statin ```
39
What is the normal PR interval?
0.12-0.2s
40
What is the usual time interval for QRS complex?
0.1s or less
41
What is the usual time interval for atrial depolarisation?
P wave should be 0.08-0.1s
42
There is ST elevation in leads II, III, and aVF. What part of the heart is this?
Inferior
43
There is ST elevation in leads V3 and V4. What part of the heart is this?
Anterior
44
There is ST elevation in leads V1 and V2. What part of the heart is this?
Septal
45
There is ST elevation in leads I, aVL, V5, V6. What part of the heart is this?
Lateral
46
There is ST elevation in leads V1, V2, V3, V4. What part of the heart is this?
Anterior septal
47
How would you calculate the heart rate from an ECG?
Count no of QRS in 30 large squares then x10
48
What does the presence of an inverted T wave suggest?
Indicative of a past MI
49
You suspect an inferior MI. What changes would you expect on ecg?
ST elevation of leads II, III and AVF
50
You suspect an anterolateral MI what changes would you see on ECG?
I, AvL, V1-V6 ST elevation
51
Define the four different types of heart block
Type 1; PR is long but doesnt effect QRS Type 2a; PR intervals get longer and longer then drop QRS Type 2b; Long PR interval with regular QRS drops Type 3; P waves and QRS are unrelated
52
What symptoms would you expect of someone with an arrhythmia?
``` Palpitations SOB Dizziness Loss of consciousness (syncope) Faintness (presyncope) Angina/ heart failure Death ```
53
What are the two shockable rhythms?
Ventricular tachycardia Ventricular fibrillation (If ventricle problem then wide QRS complex
54
What would you expect to see on ECG in somoene with left axis deviated heart?
High QRS in lead I with negative QRS in lead III

Cardiovascular JC (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions