Week 2 A&P Flashcards
What are the three main parts of a eukaryotic cell?
a) plasma membrane, organelles, cytoplasm
b) plasma membrane, organelles, nucleus
c) plasma membrane, cytoplasm, organelles
d) plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus
e) plasma membrane, cytosol, organelles
d) plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus
The three main components of the lipid bilayer portion of a plasma membrane are:
a) phospholipids, glycoproteins, and water.
b) proteins, cholesterol, and fatty acids.
c) cholesterol, triglycerides, and glycolipids.
d) phospholipids, cholesterol, and glycolipids.
e) phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins.
d) phospholipids, cholesterol, and glycolipids.
What are the nonpolar parts of phospholipids?
a) phosphate-containing head groups
b) fatty acid tail groups
c) Both the head and tail groups are nonpolar.
d) Neither the head nor tail groups are nonpolar.
b) fatty acid tail groups
This type of membrane protein extends across the entire lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane touching both intracellular fluid and the extracellular fluid.
a) complement protein
b) transmembrane protein
c) peripheral protein
d) lipoprotein
e) All of these choices are correct.
b) transmembrane protein
This type of membrane protein enables cells to catalyze specific chemical reactions at the inner or outer surface of their plasma membrane.
a) receptors
b) phospholipids
c) cholesterol
d) enzymes
e) ligands
d) enzymes
This type of membrane protein anchors cells to neighboring cells and to protein filaments found outside or inside the cell.
a) transporters
b) receptors
c) ligands
d) ion channels
e) linkers
e) linkers
Plasma membranes are ________, which means that some chemicals move easily through plasma membrane while other chemicals do not.
a) selectively permeable
b) concentration graded
c) electrically graded
d) selectively soluble
e) electrical insulators
a) selectively permeable
Which of the following does NOT influence the rate of diffusion of a chemical across a plasma membrane?
a) concentration gradient of the chemical across the membrane
b) mass of the diffusing chemical
c) distance that the chemical has to diffuse
d) amount of ATP available
e) temperature
d) amount of ATP available
This is a measure of a solution’s ability to change the volume of cells by altering their water content.
a) filtration
b) normality
c) tonicity
d) equivalency
e) facilitation
c) tonicity
This is the transport process by which gases, like O2 and CO2, move through a membrane.
a) osmosis
b) active transport
c) secondary active transport
d) simple diffusion
e) endocytosis
d) simple diffusion
In this type of transport process, a solute (e.g. glucose) binds to a specific carrier protein on one side of the membrane. This binding induces a conformational change in the carrier protein that results in the solute moving down its concentration gradient to the other side of the membrane.
a) osmosis
b) active transport
c) secondary active transport
d) facilitated diffusion
e) endocytosis
d) facilitated diffusion
In this transport process, the energy from hydrolysis of ATP is used to drive substances across the membrane against their own concentration gradients.
a) primary active transport
b) secondary active transport
c) facilitated diffusion
d) passive diffusion
e) osmosis
a) primary active transport
What transport process uses the energy stored in a Na+ or H+ concentration gradient to drive other substances across the membrane against their own concentration gradients?
a) primary active transport
b) secondary active transport
c) facilitated diffusion
d) passive diffusion
e) osmosis
b) secondary active transport
Which of the following transport processes uses vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane to secrete materials into the extracellular fluid?
a) endocytosis
b) exocytosis
c) facilitated diffusion
d) osmosis
e) Both endocytosis and exocytosis
b) exocytosis
Which of the following transport process uses vesicles formed at the plasma membrane to take up extracellular substances and import them into the cell?
a) endocytosis
b) exocytosis
c) facilitated diffusion
d) osmosis
e) Both endocytosis and exocytosis.
a) endocytosis
During phagocytosis, binding of a particle to a plasma membrane receptor triggers formation of ________, which are extensions of the plasma membrane of the phagocyte that eventually surround the particle forming a phagosome.
a) podocytes
b) exterior vesicles
c) interior vesicles
d) pseudopods
e) lysosomes
d) pseudopods
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the cytosol?
a) primarily consists of water
b) cation of electron transport chain carrier proteins
c) site of many important chemical reactions
d) often contains aggregates of triglycerides that form lipid droplets
e) contains the enzymes of glycolysis
b) cation of electron transport chain carrier proteins
Specialized structures within a cell that have a characteristic shape and perform specific functions in cellular growth, maintenance and reproduction are called
a) organelles.
b) cytoskeletons.
c) cytoplasm.
d) cytosol.
e) nuclei.
a) organelles.
Microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules are all components of a cell’s
a) cytoskeleton.
b) nucleus.
c) plasma membrane.
d) flagella.
e) ribosome.
a) cytoskeleton.
This cellular organelle is comprised of a pair of centrioles and the surrounding pericentriolar material.
a) cytoskeleton
b) cilia
c) centrosome
d) flagella
e) peroxisomes
c) centrosome
Spermatozoa is the only type of human cell that contains a ________, which is a whip-like structure that helps propel the sperm towards an oocyte.
a) cilium
b) flagellum
c) mitochondria
d) centrosome
e) microvillus
b) flagellum
Which of the following membrane-enclosed organelles is the site of synthesis of membrane proteins and secretory proteins?
a) rough endoplasmic reticulum
b) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
c) nucleus
d) centrosome
e) Golgi complex
a) rough endoplasmic reticulum
Which of the following membrane-enclosed organelles modifies, sorts, and packages proteins destined for other regions of the cell?
a) endoplasmic reticulum
b) Golgi complex
c) peroxisomes
d) nucleus
e) proteasome
b) Golgi complex
Which of the following membrane-enclosed organelles contains several oxidases that are involved in oxidation of fatty acids and amino acids during normal metabolism and in detoxification of chemicals like alcohol in the liver?
a) peroxisomes
b) mitochondria
c) proteasome
d) ribosomes
e) lysosomes
a) peroxisomes
