Week 2 Administration of medicines

Question 1

Name the type of injection

Answer 1

IM

Question 2

Name the type of injection

Answer 2

SC

Question 3

Name the type of injection

Answer 3

IV

Question 4

Name the type of injection

Answer 4

Intradermal

Question 5

Name the layer?

Answer 5

Epidermis

Question 6

Name the layer?

Answer 6

Dermis

Question 7

Name the layer?

Answer 7

SC tissue
Hypodermis

Question 8

Name the layer?

Answer 8

Muscle

Question 9

Left to right, name of the type of injection for these angles?

Answer 9

IM
SC
IV
Intradermal

Question 10

Name 3 veins that can be used for IV injections?

Answer 10

Cephalic (front limb)
Saphenous (hind limb)
Marginal ear vein (rabbits)

Question 11

How would you describe the speed of distribution for IV?

Answer 11

Fastest distributiton - straigh into blood stream

Question 12

How do opiods, propofol and metronidazole need to injected as IV?

Answer 12

Slowly

Question 13

What must never be injected as IVs and why?

Answer 13

Suspensions (mix of liquid and solids)
Particles can block capillaries in lung

Question 14

What should you avoid with IVs?

Answer 14

Air bubbles

Question 15

What speed do IV injections are distributed to site of action?

Answer 15

0-2 mins

Question 16

3 advantages of IV injections?

Answer 16

Fastest distribution (0-2mins)
Can give fluids to replace blood circulating volume
Large volumes can be given

Question 17

What is the speed of onset of an IV injection?

Answer 17

0-2 minutes

Question 18

6 disadvantages of IV injections?

Answer 18

Toleration
Painfulness
Admin technique difficulty
Drug leaking in surrounding tissue if technique error
No suspensions
Vein difficult to find if dehydrated

Question 19

What maximum degree of inclination should the IV needle be at?

Answer 19

Maximum 45 degrees

Question 20

Why do you draw back on plunger with an IV?

Answer 20

Check for blood to ensure you are in the vein

Question 21

How does drug dissolve when injecting an IM?

Answer 21

It dissolves into tissue fluid surrounding muscle, then into bloodstream

Question 22

What muscles are commonly used for IM injections?

Answer 22

Epaxial muscle spine
Quadriceps femoris

Question 23

Advantages of IM injections?

Answer 23

Faster than S/C and orally
More convenient - can do suspensions

Question 24

Disadvantages of IM injections?

Answer 24

Can be painful
Risk of damage to structures near (BV, bone, nerves)
Harder technique than S/C
Not as fast to absorb as IV

Question 25

What angle should an IM injection be done at?

Answer 25

90 degree angle

Question 26

What is the speed of onset for an IM injection?

Answer 26

20 minutes

Question 27

What is the speed of onset of a S/C injection?

Answer 27

30 minutes

Question 28

How do you ensure that you are not in a blood vessel when doing a S/C injection?

Answer 28

Pull back the syring before administering

Question 29

Advantages of S/C injections?

Answer 29

Anywhere in loose skin Large volumes ok Well tolerated Easier technique

Question 30

Disadvantages of S/C injections

Answer 30

Slower absorption than I/M or I/V Patient temperament needs considering Not all drugs suitable for this route Localised swelling, abscess or haematoma

Question 31

When are IP injections useful?

Answer 31

Large volumes if IV access is compromised or small mammals (GP)

Question 32

Risk of IP injection?

Answer 32

Puncturing abdominal organ

Question 33

Advantages of IP injections?

Answer 33

Allows large volumes Readily available Quicker absorption than S/C

Question 34

Disadvantages of IP injections?

Answer 34

Risk of puncture of abdominal organ Absorption rate variable Risk of peritonitis Can be painful

Question 35

What angle needs to be taken when doing an IP injection?

Answer 35

Follow angle of hind limb

Question 36

When in the peritoneum is the needle inserted during an IP injection?

Answer 36

Posterior quadrant of abdomen, near umbilicus

Question 37

Why do you pull plunger during IP injection?

Answer 37

Check for blood or urine (in case bladder was pierced)

Question 38

Defnition of enteral?

Answer 38

Anything given via the digestive system

Question 39

What is the speed of onset of oral administration?

Answer 39

20 minutes - 2 hours

Question 40

Who should not be given oral administration?

Answer 40

Vomiting patients (poor absorption) Unconscious or seizuring (risk of aspiration pneumonia)

Question 41

What should you never do to a sustained release/ controlled release capsule?

Answer 41

Never open or puncture Has set release - certain speed Dissolves over time to allow longer working time

Question 42

What should you never to an enteric coated tablets?

Answer 42

Never crush or split Tablets designed to pass through stomach without causing irritation or drug degradation for absorption in intestines