Week 3 - Pharmaceutical groups Flashcards
(124 cards)
1
Q
What is the generic name of a drug?
A
Chemical name of drug (not brand)
e.g. meloxicam
2
Q
What is the trade of a drug?
A
Brand name
e.g. metacam
3
Q
3 examples of brand names for amoxicilin
A
Cladaxxa
Noroclav
Betamox
4
Q
3 examples of brand names for meloxicam
A
Metacam
Loxicom
Rheumocam
5
Q
3 examples of brand names for dexamethasone
A
Aurizon
Dexacortone
Dexafort
6
Q
3 examples of brand names for Cefalexin
A
Cefabactin
Therios
Cephorum
7
Q
3 examples of brand names for Pimobendan
A
Vetmedin
Zelys
Cardisure
8
Q
3 examples of brand names for Imidacloprid
A
Advantix
Advocate
Advantage
9
Q
Definition of pharmacokinetics
A
How drugs cause specific biochemical changes in body
Mechanism
(Focuses on how drug is processed by the body)
10
Q
Definition of pharmacodynamics
A
How an organ responds to a drug
11
Q
What do anaesthetic work on?
A
Nervous system to anaesthetise
12
Q
What do analgesic work on?
A
Nervous system to control pain
13
Q
What are the two categories of analgesic?
A
Opioid and NSAIDS
14
Q
Example of opioids?
A
Morphine
Fantanyl
Methadone
Buprenorphine
15
Q
Example of NSAIDS
A
Meloxicam
Carprofen
Firocoxib
16
Q
What are cordicosteroids used for?
A
Allergic skin disease
(immune modulators)
DO NOT provide pain relief
17
Q
What are the 2 categories of corticosteroids?
A
Mineralcorticosteroids
Glucocorticoids
18
Q
Example of mineralcorticosteroids
A
Fludrocortisone
19
Q
Example of glucocorticoids?
A
Hydrocortisone
Prednisolone
Dexamethasone
20
Q
What is the aim of antiparasitics?
A
To prevent and treat parasitic infections
21
Q
What are the 2 different categories of antiparisitic drugs?
A
Endo parasiticides
Ecto parasiticides
22
Q
What do endoparasiticides treat?
A
Internal parasites (anthemintics - helminths, roundworms, tapeworms and flukes) + antiprotozoals
23
Q
Example of endoparasiticides drugs?
A
Praziquantel
Moxidectin
24
Q
What do ecto parasiticides treat?
A
External parasites
(Acaricidal - acarids: mites and ticks) & insecticidal - fleas and flies
25
Example of ecto parasiticides drug?
Permethrin
Imidacloprid
26
What are tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones and nitroimidazole?
Antimicrobials
27
How do tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones and nitroimidazole operate?
Inhibit protein synthesis
28
Example of tetracycline?
Doxycycline
29
Example of fluoroquinolones?
Enrofloxacin
30
Example of metronidazole?
Nitroimidazole
31
What are aminopenicillins and cephalosporins?
Antimicrobials
32
How do aminopenicillins and cephalosporins operate?
They inhibit cell wall synthesis
33
Example of aminopenicillin?
Amoxicillin
34
Example of cephalosporin?
Ampicillin
35
What are trimethoprin and sulphonamides?
Antimicrobials
36
How do trimethoprin and sulphonamides operate?
Interfere with metabolic processes and prevents folic acid synthesis
37
Example of a sulphonamide?
Sulphatrim
38
What do polymyxin-B do?
Antrimicrobials that disrupt microbial cell membrane
39
Example of an antiviral?
Acyclovir
Recombinant interferon
40
Example of antifungals?
Itraconazole
Enilconazole
Ketoconazole
41
What are antineoplastics?
Cytotoxic drugs which actively kill cells
42
Example of antineioplastic drugs?
Vincristine
Chlorambucil
Cyclophosphamides
43
What do diuretics do?
Stimulate kidneys to exctrete more water through urine
44
When are diuretics used?
Heart failure - reduces circulating volume of fluid and less strain on heart
or
Stimulate kidneys in acute renal failure - to reduce cerebral oedema
45
What do loop diuretics do?
Prevent reabsorption of sodium in kidney
Can increase K loss so may need K supplement
46
What can loop diuretics cause?
Potassium loss
47
Example of loop diuretics?
Furosemide
48
What do potassium sparing diuretics do?
Antagonise effects of aldosterone and is potassium sparing
49
What are potassium sparing diuretics often used with?
Furosemide to manage heart failure
50
Example of potassium sparing diuretic?
Spironolactone
51
What do osmotic diuretics do?
Inhibit reabsorption of water and sodium
52
Example of osmotic diuretic?
Mannitol
53
Example of thiazide diuretic?
Chlorathiazide
54
What body system do anticonvulsants deal with?
Nervous system
55
What do anticonvulsants manage?
Seizures
56
Example of anticonvulsants
Phenobarbital, imepitoin, diazepam
57
What are categories of tranquilisers/ sedatives done under sedation?
Phenothiazines
Alpha 2 agonists
Benzodiazepines
58
How many hours of sedations can be expected with a phenothiazine?
6 hours
59
Example of phenothiazine?
Acepromazine
60
Example of alpha-2 agonists?
Medetomidine
61
What are hormones? (drug classification)
Synthetic version of body's naturally occuring hormones (ACTH, insulin, thyroxine)
62
What is algepristone?
Progesterone antagonist
Leads to abortion
63
What do hormone production inhibitors do?
Inhibit hormone synthesis
64
Example of hormone production inhibitors?
Thyroid hormone - methimazole
65
How do systemic antacids work?
Block histamine receptors in stomach and inhibit proton-pumo mechanism which parietal cells in stomach produce acid
66
What are the 3 categories of antidiarrhoeals?
Adsorbants/ protectants (charcoal)
Intestinal motility modifiers (opiates)
Anti-inflammatories (corticosteroids)
67
How do anti-emetics work?
Reduce V++ and nausea bu blocking receptors in chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) of brain
68
Examples of anti-emetics?
Metoclopramide
Maropitant
69
What do prokinetics do?
Stimulate motility of intestines
70
What do antiarrhythmics do?
Prevent and treat abnormal heartbeats
71
3 categories of antiarrhythmics?
Beta blockers (propanol)
Calcium channel blockers (Dilitiazem)
Sodium channel blockers (liodocaine)
72
What do positive inotropes do?
Increase force of muscle contractions to help heart maintain normal cardiac output (Pimobendam)
73
What are vasodilators?
ACE inhibitors (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme)
74
What do mucolytics do?
Loosen mucus (bromhexine)
75
Example of an antitussive?
Butorphanol
76
What do bronchodilators do?
Relax muscles in lungs and dilate bronchi
77
What do glucocorticoids do?
Manage allergic skin disease and suppress inflammation
78
Example of antihistamines in vet medicines?
None in vet medicine - cascade drugs only (loratadine, cetirizine)
79
What do ciclosporin do?
Effect on lymphocytes to alter immune response to allergic reaction
80
What does JAK stand for?
Janus kinase inhibitor
81
What do JAKs do?
Inhibit function of some cytokines which are pro-inflammatory or have role in allergic reactions/ pruritis (apoquel)
82
What do Monoclonal antibodies do?
Treat atopic dermatitis byt acting to interrupt the itch scractch cycle (cytopoint)
83
Example of topical therapy?
Hydrocortisone cutaneous spray
84
Mode of action of antibiotics?
Treat bacterial infection by inhibiting protein synthesis, disrupting cell membrane or wall synthesis
85
Examples of antibiotic
Synulox
Noroclav
Clavaseptin
86
Example of antifungal drugs?
Nystatin
Enilconazole
87
Example of antiviral?
Aciclovir
Lamivudine
88
How do anti-protozal work?
Interfere with nucleic acid
89
Example of antiprotozoal?
Pyrimethamine
90
How do anthelmintics work?
Paralyse worms so can be cleared by animal
91
Example of anthelmintics
Drontol
Milbemax
Panecur
92
How do ectoparasiticides work?
Bind to parasite receptors which kills them
93
Example of ectoparasiticides?
Fipronil (frontline)
Imidacloprid (advantage)
94
How do antitussives work?
Act on cough centre of brain
95
Examples of antitussives
Codeine
Pholcodine
96
Purpose of bronchodilator?
Open airways
97
How to bronchodilators operate?
Relaxes muscles in the lungs
98
Example of bronchodilators?
Theophylline
Propentofylline
99
What do mucolytic do?
Disrups mucus fibres making mucus easier to clear
100
What do expectorant do?
Encourage bronchial secretion
101
What do diuretic do?
Encourage water loss via kidney (in heart disease to clear fluid)
102
Example of diuretic
Furosemide
Dimazon
103
What do calcium channel blockers do?
Affect calcium channels in blood vessels (in heart disease, reduce rhythm problems and reduce blood pressure)
104
Example of calcium channel blocker
Amlodipine
105
What do anti-arrhythmic drugs do?
Control heart rhythm by affecting electrical conduction in heart
106
What do ace-inhibitos treat and how?
Congestive heart failure to reduce symptoms
by inhibiting ACE reducing heart load
107
How do appetite stimulants work?
Act on transmitters to increase appetite
108
How do emetic drugs work?
Stimulates vomiting centre of brain
109
Example of emetic drugs?
Apomorphine
Emedog
110
What do anti-emetic drugs do?
Stop the brain from inducing vomiting
111
112
How do prokinetics work?
They treat ileus by stimulating GI receptirs
113
How to anti-diarrheal work?
They treat D++ by adsorbing/ reducing fluid in colon
114
How to anti-epileptic drugs work?
Treat seazures by enhancing the effects of inhibitory transmitters in brain
115
Example of anti-epileptic?
Diazepam
116
How do corticosteroids work?
They treat inflammatory conditions and suppress immune system by acting on receptors
117
Example of corticosteroids?
Prednisolone
Colvasone
118
How do NSAIDS work?
Are given for pain relief and inhibit COX enzymes (which promote inflammation)
119
120
What do antihistamines?
Manage allergic reations by antagonising histamine receptors
121
122
123
What do parasympathomimetic do?
Management of urinary retention by reducing detrusor muscles tone
124
What temperature should fridge be at?
2-8 degrees
