Week 3 - Pharmaceutical groups Flashcards by Emma Dedman

What is the generic name of a drug?

Chemical name of drug (not brand)
e.g. meloxicam

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What is the trade of a drug?

Brand name
e.g. metacam

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3 examples of brand names for amoxicilin

Cladaxxa
Noroclav
Betamox

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3 examples of brand names for meloxicam

Metacam
Loxicom
Rheumocam

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3 examples of brand names for dexamethasone

Aurizon
Dexacortone
Dexafort

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3 examples of brand names for Cefalexin

Cefabactin
Therios
Cephorum

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3 examples of brand names for Pimobendan

Vetmedin
Zelys
Cardisure

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3 examples of brand names for Imidacloprid

Advantix
Advocate
Advantage

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Definition of pharmacokinetics

How drugs cause specific biochemical changes in body
Mechanism
(Focuses on how drug is processed by the body)

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Definition of pharmacodynamics

How an organ responds to a drug

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What do anaesthetic work on?

Nervous system to anaesthetise

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What do analgesic work on?

Nervous system to control pain

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What are the two categories of analgesic?

Opioid and NSAIDS

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Example of opioids?

Morphine
Fantanyl
Methadone
Buprenorphine

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Example of NSAIDS

Meloxicam
Carprofen
Firocoxib

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What are cordicosteroids used for?

Allergic skin disease
(immune modulators)
DO NOT provide pain relief

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What are the 2 categories of corticosteroids?

Mineralcorticosteroids
Glucocorticoids

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Example of mineralcorticosteroids

Fludrocortisone

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Example of glucocorticoids?

Hydrocortisone
Prednisolone
Dexamethasone

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What is the aim of antiparasitics?

To prevent and treat parasitic infections

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What are the 2 different categories of antiparisitic drugs?

Endo parasiticides
Ecto parasiticides

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What do endoparasiticides treat?

Internal parasites (anthemintics - helminths, roundworms, tapeworms and flukes) + antiprotozoals

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Example of endoparasiticides drugs?

Praziquantel
Moxidectin

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What do ecto parasiticides treat?

External parasites
(Acaricidal - acarids: mites and ticks) & insecticidal - fleas and flies

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Example of ecto parasiticides drug?

Permethrin Imidacloprid

What are tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones and nitroimidazole?

Antimicrobials

How do tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones and nitroimidazole operate?

Inhibit protein synthesis

Example of tetracycline?

Doxycycline

Example of fluoroquinolones?

Enrofloxacin

Example of metronidazole?

Nitroimidazole

What are aminopenicillins and cephalosporins?

Antimicrobials

How do aminopenicillins and cephalosporins operate?

They inhibit cell wall synthesis

Example of aminopenicillin?

Amoxicillin

Example of cephalosporin?

Ampicillin

What are trimethoprin and sulphonamides?

Antimicrobials

How do trimethoprin and sulphonamides operate?

Interfere with metabolic processes and prevents folic acid synthesis

Example of a sulphonamide?

Sulphatrim

What do polymyxin-B do?

Antrimicrobials that disrupt microbial cell membrane

Example of an antiviral?

Acyclovir Recombinant interferon

Example of antifungals?

Itraconazole Enilconazole Ketoconazole

What are antineoplastics?

Cytotoxic drugs which actively kill cells

Example of antineioplastic drugs?

Vincristine Chlorambucil Cyclophosphamides

What do diuretics do?

Stimulate kidneys to exctrete more water through urine

When are diuretics used?

Heart failure - reduces circulating volume of fluid and less strain on heart or Stimulate kidneys in acute renal failure - to reduce cerebral oedema

What do loop diuretics do?

Prevent reabsorption of sodium in kidney Can increase K loss so may need K supplement

What can loop diuretics cause?

Potassium loss

Example of loop diuretics?

Furosemide

What do potassium sparing diuretics do?

Antagonise effects of aldosterone and is potassium sparing

What are potassium sparing diuretics often used with?

Furosemide to manage heart failure

Example of potassium sparing diuretic?

Spironolactone

What do osmotic diuretics do?

Inhibit reabsorption of water and sodium

Example of osmotic diuretic?

Mannitol

Example of thiazide diuretic?

Chlorathiazide

What body system do anticonvulsants deal with?

Nervous system

What do anticonvulsants manage?

Seizures

Example of anticonvulsants

Phenobarbital, imepitoin, diazepam

What are categories of tranquilisers/ sedatives done under sedation?

Phenothiazines Alpha 2 agonists Benzodiazepines

How many hours of sedations can be expected with a phenothiazine?

6 hours

Example of phenothiazine?

Acepromazine

Example of alpha-2 agonists?

Medetomidine

What are hormones? (drug classification)

Synthetic version of body's naturally occuring hormones (ACTH, insulin, thyroxine)

What is algepristone?

Progesterone antagonist Leads to abortion

What do hormone production inhibitors do?

Inhibit hormone synthesis

Example of hormone production inhibitors?

Thyroid hormone - methimazole

How do systemic antacids work?

Block histamine receptors in stomach and inhibit proton-pumo mechanism which parietal cells in stomach produce acid

What are the 3 categories of antidiarrhoeals?

Adsorbants/ protectants (charcoal) Intestinal motility modifiers (opiates) Anti-inflammatories (corticosteroids)

How do anti-emetics work?

Reduce V++ and nausea bu blocking receptors in chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) of brain

Examples of anti-emetics?

Metoclopramide Maropitant

What do prokinetics do?

Stimulate motility of intestines

What do antiarrhythmics do?

Prevent and treat abnormal heartbeats

3 categories of antiarrhythmics?

Beta blockers (propanol) Calcium channel blockers (Dilitiazem) Sodium channel blockers (liodocaine)

What do positive inotropes do?

Increase force of muscle contractions to help heart maintain normal cardiac output (Pimobendam)

What are vasodilators?

ACE inhibitors (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme)

What do mucolytics do?

Loosen mucus (bromhexine)

Example of an antitussive?

Butorphanol

What do bronchodilators do?

Relax muscles in lungs and dilate bronchi

What do glucocorticoids do?

Manage allergic skin disease and suppress inflammation

Example of antihistamines in vet medicines?

None in vet medicine - cascade drugs only (loratadine, cetirizine)

What do ciclosporin do?

Effect on lymphocytes to alter immune response to allergic reaction

What does JAK stand for?

Janus kinase inhibitor

What do JAKs do?

Inhibit function of some cytokines which are pro-inflammatory or have role in allergic reactions/ pruritis (apoquel)

What do Monoclonal antibodies do?

Treat atopic dermatitis byt acting to interrupt the itch scractch cycle (cytopoint)

Example of topical therapy?

Hydrocortisone cutaneous spray

Mode of action of antibiotics?

Treat bacterial infection by inhibiting protein synthesis, disrupting cell membrane or wall synthesis

Examples of antibiotic

Synulox Noroclav Clavaseptin

Example of antifungal drugs?

Nystatin Enilconazole

Example of antiviral?

Aciclovir Lamivudine

How do anti-protozal work?

Interfere with nucleic acid

Example of antiprotozoal?

Pyrimethamine

How do anthelmintics work?

Paralyse worms so can be cleared by animal

Example of anthelmintics

Drontol Milbemax Panecur

Week 3 - Pharmaceutical groups Flashcards

(92 cards)