Week 4 - Digestive system Flashcards
(79 cards)
1
Q
Dog dental formula adults
A
3 1 4 2
3 1 4 3
(42)
2
Q
Dog dental formula puppies
A
3 1 3
3 1 3
(28)
3
Q
Cat dental formula adult
A
3 1 3 1
3 1 2 1
(30)
4
Q
Kitten dental formula
A
3 1 3
3 1 2
(26)
5
Q
What is the main purpose of salivary glands?
A
Produce saliva to lubricate and moisten the mucus membrane
6
Q
What are some of the causes of hypersalivation?
A
Anticipation of food
Strong smells
Pain
Stronge tastes
Poison
Drugs
Before V++
7
Q
What does mucus protect the oral cavity from?
A
Stomach acid
8
Q
What are the names of the 4 salivary glands
A
Zygomatic
Parotid
Sublingual
Mandibular
9
Q
Main muscle for mastication
A
Masseter
10
Q
What is the tongue in terms of structure?
A
Thick muscular structure
11
Q
What is the tongue attached to?
A
Hyoid bone and mandible
12
Q
What is the tongue covered with?
A
Mucous membrane and lingual papillae
13
Q
1
A
Soft palate
14
Q
2
A
Nasopharynx
15
Q
3
A
Pharynx
16
Q
4
A
Oesophagus
17
Q
5
A
Oropharynx
18
Q
6
A
Mandible
19
Q
7
A
Tongue
20
Q
8
A
Incisor teeth
21
Q
9
A
Mouth or oral cavity
22
Q
10
A
Hard palate
23
Q
What is the oesophagus?
A
Muscular tube which runs from pharynx to stomach
24
Q
3 sections of oesophagus
A
Cervical
Thoracic
Abdominal
25
What is the oesophagus lined with?
Stratified squamous epithelium
26
How long does it take for food to pass down the oesophagus?
15-30 seconds
27
Where is the stomach situated?
Left cranial abdomen caudal to diaphragm
28
5 ares of the stomach
Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pyloric antrum
Pylorus
29
What are the gastric secretions of the stomach?
Gastrin
Hydrochloric acid
Pepsinogen
Mucus
30
What cells produce gastrin?
G-cells - gastrin in pyloric antrum stimulates release of HCl
31
What cells produce hydrochloric acid?
Parietal cells
(HCI cretes acidic pH)
32
What produces pepsinogen?
Chief cells
(Pepsinogen is then converted into pepsin in presence of HCI - Pepsin breaks down protein
33
What produces mucus?
Goblet cells (to protect wall of stomach from HCI)
34
Function of duodenum in SI?
Digestion
35
Function of jejunum in SI?
Proximal digestion and distal absorption
36
Function of ileum in SI?
Mainly absorption
37
What is a lacteal?
Lymphatic capillary that absorbs dietary fats in the vili of the SI
38
Where does digestion take place?
Duodenum and proximal jejunum
39
Where does absorption take place?
Distal jejunum and ileum
40
Apart from hormones what does the pancreas produce?
Essential digestive secretions
41
What are essential digestive secretions from pancrease mixed with?
Chyme from the stomach at the duodenum
They enter via pancreatic duct
42
Name the digestive secretions produced by the pancreas?
Trypsin
Lipase
Amylase
Bicarbonate (not an enzyme like othe 3)
43
Function of bicarbonate
Neutralise stomach acid
44
Function of trypsin?
Break down protein
45
Function of lipase
Break down lipids
46
Function of amylase
Breaks down starch
47
Differences between SI and LI
LI has wider diameter
SI is 7 times longer than LI
More goblet cells in LI (instead of villi and digestive glands)
48
Junction that joins SI to LI?
Ileocaecal valve
49
Components of LI
Caecum
Colon
Rectum
50
What is the caecum
Blind sac at ileocaecal junction
51
What does the colon do?
Microbial digestion
Absorb water, vitamins and electrolytes to aid compaction of faeces and help prevent excess water loss
52
3 parts of the colon?
Ascending
Transverse
Descending
53
What is the function of the rectum?
Storage of faeces
54
Synonym of blind ending sac?
Diverticulum
55
What is colon attached to?
Dorsal body wall
56
2 sphincters of the anus
Internal - ring of smooth muscle under involuntary control
External - ring of striated muscle under voluntary control
57
What coats the faeces as they pass through anus?
Anal sac secretions
58
What allows the stretching of the lining of the anus?
Lumen of anus and rectum is folded longitudinally
59
What is the mesentery?
Double layer of peritoneum of abdominal cavity
60
What does the mesentery contain?
Blood and lymph vessels and nerves that supply the GI tract
61
What does the mesentery suspend?
Organs in position
62
Equivalent of mesentery in stomach?
Greater omentum
63
Ingestion definition
Process of taking food into body
64
Digestion definition
Process of breaking food down into small chemical units
65
Absorption definition
Transfer of nutrients across intestines into bloodstream
66
Metabolism definition
Conversion into energy
67
Excretion definition
Removal of excess/ indigestible material
68
Enzyme definition
Proteins that act as biological catalysts (speed up chemical reactions without being used up themselves)
69
Digestive tract layers (innermost to outermost)
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscle layer
Serosa
70
Why does food need to be broken down?
So that it can be absorbed into the bloodstream via the SI and utilised as source of energy
71
2 types of food breakdown?
Mechanical and enzymatic
72
What is mechanical breakdown?
Teeth grind food into smaller particles
Segmental contractions in the stomach continues this process
73
What is enzymatic breakdown?
Enzymes speed up reactions in the body (catalysts)
74
Name the 4 sources of digestive juice which contain enzymes
Gastric juice
Pancreatic juice
Bile salts
Intestinal juice
75
Where are Brunner's glands located?
Duodenum
76
What do Brunner's glands secrete?
Mixture of digestive enzymes known as Succus entericus
77
Name the 4 pancreatic enzymes?
Amylase
Trypsin
Lipase
Peptidase
78
What does amylase do?
Convert carbs into simple sugars
79
