Week 2 Buzzwords Flashcards
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1
Q
Number of bones containing marrow over time:
A
Decreases
2
Q
Primary Lymphoid Organs:
A
Bone Marrow / Thymus
3
Q
Secondary Lymphoid Organs:
A
Lymph nodes, Spleen
4
Q
Fat:
A
Yellow marrow
5
Q
Red Bone Marrow:
A
Hematopoietic stem cells
6
Q
Common lymphoid progenitor:
A
from Hematopoietic stem cells, make B and T cells
7
Q
Bone marrow:
A
loose reticular tissue and irregular cords
8
Q
Venous sinusoids:
A
communicating network derived from nutrient arteries – filled with RBCs
9
Q
Single layer simple squamous endothelial cells:
A
Venous sinusoids
10
Q
Endoderm:
A
Thymus
11
Q
Post puberty:
A
Thymus undergoes involution
12
Q
Lymphocytes enter thymus:
A
Corticomedullary junction
13
Q
Thymic parenchyma:
A
epithelioreticular cells
14
Q
T-cell education:
A
Epithelioreticular cells
(Job)
15
Q
Barrier between cortex and medulla:
A
Epithelioreticular cells
(location specific)
16
Q
Type VI Epithelioreticular Cells:
A
Hassall’s corpuscles
(composition)
17
Q
IL-4/IL-7:
A
Hassall’s corpuscles
18
Q
Blood thymus barrier:
A
protects developing lymphocytes
19
Q
Fibro-collagenous capsule:
A
lymph node
20
Q
Lymphocytes enter lymph node:
A
High Endothelial Venules
21
Q
Afferent lymphatic vessel:
A
Going in to lymph node
22
Q
High Endothelial Venules located:
A
paracortex
23
Q
Germinal Center:
A
B lymphocytes
(Location)
24
Q
Primary Follicle:
A
inactive B lymphocytes
25
Lymph node deep cortex/paracortex:
T-cells
26
Most Common cell in Medulla:
Plasma Cell
27
Lymphatic sinuses:
filled with macrophage processes which enhances filtration
28
Dense, irregular fibroelastic connective tissue:
Spleen
29
Lymphoid tissue:
White Pulp
30
3 Red Pulp components:
-Capillaries -Parenchyma -Venous Sinuses
31
Venous Sinuses in Red Pulp:
flattened endothelial cells with discontinuous membrane
32
3 White Pulp components:
-Periarterial Lymphoid Sheath -Follicles -Marginal Zone
33
Open Circulation:
Through Splenic cords / parenchyma
34
Group of tonsils in throat/mouth:
Waldeyer’s ring
35
Largest tonsil:
Palatine with 12-15 crypts, primarily B cells
36
Body Louse:
Borrelia recurrentis
(Vector)
37
Soft tick:
Borrelia hermsii
(Vector)
38
Relapsing Fever:
3-5 days then afebrile 7-10 days before fever again – B. hermsii and B. recurrentis
39
Antigenic Variation:
periodic VMP gene switching for evasion causing relapsing fever – B. hermsii and B. recurrentis
40
Treat B. hermsii and B. recurrentis:
Doxycycline or Erythromycin
41
Adverse Reaction B. hermsii and B. recurrentis:
Jarisch-Herxheimer
42
Ehrlichia Monocytic:
Ehrlichia chaffeensis
43
Ehrlichia Granulocytic ehrlichiosis :
E. ewingii
44
Ehrlichia Granulocytic anaplasmosis:
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
45
Clusters of elementary bodies that are infectious form Ehrlichia found in monocytes/granulocytes:
Morulae
46
Bartonella bacilliformis:
sandflies, peruvian warts
47
Bartonella quintana:
lice, homeless, immunocompromised, trench fever, endocarditis
48
Bartonella henselae:
fleas, cat scratch disease, HIV nodule purple
49
Undulating Fever and Vets/Ranchers:
Brucellosis
50
Salmon red pigment - Prodigiosin – of bacteria:
Serratia marcescens
51
CD36(+):
Parvo B19
(CD)
52
Aplastic Crisis:
Parvo B19
53
Activated CD8+ T-Cells & Atypical Lymphocytes:
EBV
(Cells)
54
Active EBV Antibodies:
VCA, MA, EA
55
Latent EBV Antibodies:
EBNA1, EBNA2, EBNA3A-C, LP
56
Monospot test (+):
EBV
(Test)
57
Acute Primary EBV Infection:
EBNA (-)
58
Monospot test (-):
CMV
59
Kaposi Sarcoma:
Human HerpesVirus - 8
60
Reverse Transcriptase:
HIV
61
HIV Gag:
p24, p17
62
HIV pol:
reverse transcriptase, protease, integrase
63
HIV env:
gp120, gp41
64
Mutation causes HIV resistance:
CCR5 or CXCR4
65
Chronic HIV:
CXCR4
66
HIV entry/fusion:
Conformational change gp41
67
Infectious Mononucleosis:
EBV
(associated disease)
68
Life-long latency and posterior cervical lymphadenopathy:
EBV Mono
69
B cell CD21:
EBV Mono
(Cell / CD)
70
Eosinophilia:
allergy, parasite, asthma – T-cell lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma
71
Basophilia:
CML!
72
Monocytosis:
Chronic infection, splenectomy, CML/CMML/AML
73
Lymphocytosis:
Viral infection,pertussis, CLL
74
Granulopoiesis:
Myeloperoxidase and Leukocyte Alk Phosphatase
75
Toxic granulation, “Left shift” band cells, cytoplasmic vacuolization:
reactive neutrophilia
76
Myeloid Neoplasms:
Myeloid NOS, Erythroid, Megakaryocytic, Monocytic, AML, CML
77
Blast:
Acute
78
Mature:
Chronic
79
>20% blasts in marrow / Hypercellular marrow:
AML
80
CD33, MPO, CD34:
AML
(Markers)
81
t(15,17) – RARA/PML:
APL
(Genetics)
82
Auer rods:
APL
83
Down Syndrome:
AML
(Associated genetic)
84
t(9,22) BCR-ABL-1:
CML (ALL is also t(9,22)
85
SPLENOMEGALY:
CML
(PE finding)
86
Neutrophilia vs CML:
CML = immature, left shift, eosinophilia/basophilia, leukocytosis >30K
87
Jak-2 Mutation only:
PV
(Mutation)
88
Plethora:
red face, PV
89
Hyperviscosity, platelet dysfunction, pruritus:
PV
90
Requirements for PV:
Hb>16.5, Marrow Hypercellularity, Jak-2, (minor) decreased EPO
91
Stable with phlebotomy:
PV
(Treat)
92
Jak-2/CALR mutation:
ET
(Mutation)
93
Atypical megakaryocytes (hyperlobulated) and Plt >800k, transform into myelofibrosis:
ET
94
Jak-2/CALR/MPL:
Primary Myelofibrosis
95
ET and PV can evolve:
Secondary Myelofibrosis
96
Needs Primary Myelofibrosis:
reticulin fibrosis, not ET/PV/CML, mutations (Jak/CALR/MPL), and (1) leukoerythroblastosis / WBC>11k / anemia / splenomegaly / increased LDH
97
Mast cells / c-KIT / pruritic / hypotension / dry tap:
Systemic mastocytosis
98
Pseudopelger huet cell:
Myelodysplastic syndrome
99
MDS5q-:
older female, macrocytic
100
MDS ring sideroblast:
erythroid dyspoiesis only, no blast increase, >15% ring sideroblasts
101
MDS Excess Blasts -1:
blasts 5-9%, increased AML chance
102
MDS Excess Blasts-2:
blasts 10-19%, increased AML chance
103
B-symptoms:
fever, night sweats, weight loss
104
Biopsy with node:
lymphoma
105
Diffuse large B-cell, Primary CNS, Hodgkins:
HIV associated
106
Adult T-cell association:
HTLV
107
Burkitt’s, Primary CNS, Extranodal NK/T-cell:
EBV associated
108
Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma association:
Hep C
109
Ocular MALT association:
Chlamydia psittaci
110
Gastric MALT association:
H. pylori
111
Incidental, monoclonal, smudge cell:
CLL
112
B-cell, CD23(+):
CLL
(Genetic)
113
t(11,14):
Mantle Cell Lymphoma
(Genetic)
114
Cyclin D1 overexpression, CD23(-):
Mantle Cell Lymphoma
115
t(14,18), BCL2 amplification, coffee bean cell, CD5(-):
Follicular Lymphoma
116
t(11,18), long localization, can surgically treat, low grade B cell:
Marginal Zone Lymphoma
117
High Grade B-cell, rare blood involvement, curable with treatment but rapidly fatal without:
Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma
118
t(8,14), t(2,8), t(8,22):
Burkitt Lymphoma
(Genetic)
119
High grade B, MYC amplification, “starry sky”:
Burkitt Lymphoma
120
Skin Lesions, CD4+ T-cell, Hypercalcemia, cloverleaf cell:
Adult T-cell Lymphoma/Leukemia
121
Mature B cell lymphoma, Reed-sternberg cell, teens or >65:
Hodgkin Lymphoma
122
Pax5(+), CD45(-):
Hodgkin Lymphoma
(Markers)
123
CD45(+), CD30/15(-):
LP Hodgkins (lymph predominant)
(Markers)
124
Popcorn cells and L/H cells:
LP Hodgkins (lymph predominant)
125
Hypercalcemia, Renal insufficiency, Anemia, Lytic Bone:
Multiple Myeloma
(Mnemonic)
126
Congo red (+), “Bence-Jones Proteins”, amyloidosis:
Multiple Myeloma
127
Hyperviscosity syndrome (7):
Raynauds, DVT, Impaired circulation, Headache, visual disturbance, dyspnea, heart failure
128
Rouleaux, stacked coins:
Multiple Myeloma
(Path)
129
IgG/IgA >30g/L, urine Mono protein >500mg/24hr:
Smoldering Myeloma
130
Single lesion, M-protien, young:
Solitary plasmacytoma
131
Dutcher cells:
Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia
132
Tissue biopsy to confirm, Congo Red (+), neuropathy, macroglossia, hepatomegaly:
AL Amyloidosis
133
WAIHA association:
CLL
(Disease association)
134
CD11c, dry tap, splenomegaly, trap stain:
Hairy Cell Leukemia
135
Peds, 20% blasts in marrow:
ALL
136
B-ALL:
Peds, t(12,21), good prognosis, B markers, TdT / CD34 (+)
137
T-ALL:
Teens, t(9,22), mediastinal mass, T markers, TdT / CD34 (+), worse prognosis
138
EPO from:
Kidneys! (and Liver)
139
Oxygen sensors:
Renal Tubular cells
140
EPO expression triggered by:
low hematocrit
141
Check iron before admin:
Epoetin alpha & Darbepoetin alpha
142
EPO A/E:
Risk of death, MI, Stroke, Thrombosis – Chronic renal disease? Increase risk death/seizure
143
EPO Black box:
Increased mortality and thromboembolic events during surgery
144
G-CSF:
Filgrastim and Pegfilgrastim – neutrophil progenitor proliferation
145
GM-CSF:
Sargramostim – leukocyte / most blood activity promoter
146
Sargramostim A/E:
Fever, Bone Pain
147
RBC/Hb Stimulants:
Ferrous sulfate (Feosol), Vit B12, Vit 9
148
Iron Overdose:
Deferoxamine
149
Cancer Drug Toxicities:
Bone Marrow Depression
150
Hydroxyurea Cancer/Polycythemia:
Inhibit ribonucleotide reductase
151
Hydroxyurea Sickle Cell:
Induces fetal hemoglobin synthesis
152
NO Synthase activation:
Hydroxyurea
153
G6PD lysis:
methylene blue for Heinz bodies and Bite Cells
154
Ehrlichia ewinggi transmitted by what and endemic where
Amblyomma americanum (Lone Star tick), Missouri
155
Anaplasma phagocytophilum transmitted by what and found where
Ixodes scapularis (black legged tick), US Northeast
156
CML Therapy
Imatinib (BCR-ABL inhibitor)
157
EPO increases cardovascular risk d/t
rapid increase in RBC causing hyperviscoity and thrombosis
158
PPI and Metals
PPI decreases stomach acid causing insufficient absorption
159
Eltrombopag stimulates
MPL, increasing megakaryocyte proliferation
160
Monoclonal IgM
Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia
161
Core and Capsid Proteins HIV
gag
162
HIV surface proteins for viral entry
env
163
PALS contents
T cells
164
Spleen Follicles contents
made up of B cells
165
Marginal Zone Spleen contents
Mostly B cells and macrophages
166
Hyperviscocity with IgM
Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia
167
CD30/15 (+)
Hodgkin Lymphoma
