Week 2 - Ch 4-6 Flashcards
(36 cards)
What is the causative agent for Lyme disease?
A spirochete
Lyme disease is transmitted by ticks and characterized by a distinctive rash.
What organism is a common cause of peptic ulcers?
H. Pylori
H. Pylori is a type of bacteria that can infect the stomach lining.
To which category do staphylococci and streptococci belong?
Gram positive cocci
These bacteria are characterized by their spherical shape and ability to retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining procedure.
What term refers to bacteria whose overall shape is spherical or nearly spherical?
Cocci
Cocci can exist as single cells, in pairs, chains, or clusters.
How are Sarcinae arranged?
In cubes of eight
Sarcinae occur when daughter cells remain attached after division.
What are microorganisms that acquire energy from light called?
Phototrophs
These organisms include certain bacteria and algae that utilize photosynthesis.
What are microorganisms that grow only in the presence of oxygen called?
Obligate aerobes
These organisms require oxygen for their metabolic processes.
What type of rash is typical of Lyme disease?
A ‘bull’s-eye’ rash
This characteristic rash often appears at the site of a tick bite.
What is the term for the time required for doubling of the population?
Generation time
This term is significant in microbiology for understanding growth rates.
How many groups does the Baltimore classification system place viruses into?
Seven groups
The system classifies viruses based on their type of genetic material and method of replication.
What do viruses consist of?
Genetic material housed in a viral coat or capsid
The capsid protects the viral genetic material and aids in the infection of host cells.
What is the structure that surrounds the capsid in many viruses called?
Envelope
The envelope is formed by budding through the cell membrane of a host cell.
What type of virus commonly causes respiratory illnesses and is non-enveloped?
Adenoviruses
Adenoviruses are known to cause a range of illnesses, including colds and conjunctivitis.
What is a persistent infection that is not lytic but productive called?
Chronic infection
In chronic infections, the virus may remain in the body without causing immediate symptoms.
What causes Kuru?
A prion
Kuru is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with the consumption of infected human brain tissue.
What is a virus that infects bacteria called?
Bacteriophage
Bacteriophages are often used in molecular biology and genetic research.
What is a fully assembled virus called?
Virion
A virion is the complete, infectious form of a virus outside of a host cell.
What is the phase during which no infectious phage particles can be found in a host cell?
Eclipse period
During the eclipse period, the viral components are being replicated and assembled.
The stage of viral multiplication during which the virus attaches to the host cell is called _______
adsorption
Fungi are free-living _______ organisms.
heterotrophic
Morphologically, fungi are divided into three groups: _______.
- mushrooms
- yeasts
- molds
The antibiotics penicillin and cephalosporin are produced by _______.
fungi
Fungi that help the roots of plants to absorb minerals and water from the soil are called _______.
mycorrhizae
Fungi growing on the surface of the skin or hair may cause infections called _______ mycoses.
superficial
