week 2 content Flashcards
(126 cards)
distress, failure, or arrest?
________ - person stops breathing
__________ – maintain oxygenation only by increasing WOB
____________ – cant compensate for inadequate oxygenation (despite extra respiratory effort and rate), circulatory and respiratory system collapse
arrest - person stops breathing
distress – maintain oxygenation only by increasing WOB
failure – cant compensate for inadequate oxygenation (despite extra respiratory effort and rate), circulatory and respiratory system collapse
Chronic, permanent, progressive and destructive
- Air sacs in alveoli become permanently and abnormally enlarged (airway remodeling) r/t destruction of alveoli and capillary beds
- Airflow limitation is d/t loss of elastic recoil when airways collapse during exhale
- Lung hyperinflation
which obstructive lung disease?
emphysema
Prevention for __________
Vaccines
- PCV13 - Pneumococcal caused by strep ______
- PPSV23 – 23 types of ________ bacteria
PNA
pt c/o of illness that started as a URI but now they have
- fever
- chills
- dry cough
- malaise
- pleural pain – pain with breathing
- dyspnea
- hemoptysis
we would SBAR the HCP with what suspicion?
viral PNA
diagnosis for what pulomary condition
- history of allergies
- recurrent episodes of wheezing, dyspnea, and exercise intolerance
- pulmonary function tests (PFTs) – gold standard
asthma
_________ and other virus are major risk factors for developing PNA
influenza
- Most common anemia
- Pregnant women, toddlers, adolescent girls, aging women
Causes
- Diet insufficient
- Absorption insufficient
- Increased demand – pregnancy
- Excessive blood loss – GI bleed, menstruation
Iron deficiency anemia
Gas exchange and oxygenation of the body cant occur without functioning ____, ____, and ____
hgb, iron, and RBC
s/s of primary, latent, or active TB?
- fatigue
- weight loss
- lethargy
- anorexia
- low grade fever
- productive cough
- night sweats
- anxiety
active
would these s/s in an asthma pt indicate mild asthma or severe asthma attack?
- Use of accessory muscles
- Distant (decreased) breath sounds
- Diaphoresis
- Cant speak more than a couple words before taking another breath
- Respiratory failure
o Inaudible breath sounds
o Repetitive hacking cough
severe asthma attack
are these early or late signs of untreated TB?
- dyspnea
- chest pain
- hemoptysis
later in untreated TB
which gram + PNA are these
______________
o Enters via CLABSI and travels to lungs
o Most common gram + HAP, usually MRSA
_______________
o Most common CAP
o Sputum brown/red
strep pneumoniae
staph aureus
- Staph aureus
o Enters via CLABSI and travels to lungs
o Most common gram + HAP, usually MRSA - Strep pneumoniae
o Most common CAP
o Sputum brown/red
distress, failure, or arrest?
- tachypnea
- nasal falring
- pursed lips
- stridor
- wheezing
- Altered mental status /agitation
- Tachycardia
- Delayed capillary refill
- Pale
distress - maintain oxygenation only by increasing WOB
all anemia share classic s/s bc -
all anemia = lack of RBC = Less oxygen is able to be transported to the tissues = all anemia share classic s/s
which anemia?
Inability to bind hgb normally
- Fragile sickle shaped cells – deliver less oxygen to tissues
- Easily clog blood vessels and break into pieces that disrupt blood flow = ischemia and necrosis
- Genetic disorder (African descent)
Crisis triggers
- Dehydration
- Stress
- High altitudes
- Fever
- Extreme temperatures
Treatment
- Oxygen therapy
- Hydration
- Pain management
- Infection control
- Antimetabolite drug – hydroxyurea
- Blood transfusion
- Bone marrow transplant
- Genetic counseling and treatment (CRISPR)
Sickle cell anemia
Unique to _________anemia: (not going to ask specific s/s)
- Delayed growth
- Fatigue
- Dyspnea
- Hepatomegaly
- Splenomegaly
- Bone deformities
- Jaundice
Unique to thalassemia anemia
_________PNA
Not gram positive or gram negative
SATA
Pneumocytosis carini PNA
viral PNA
mycoplasma (walking PNA)
legionella
atypical
Pneumocytosis carini PNA
X viral PNA
mycoplasma (walking PNA)
legionella
s/s of ________ PNA
- Fever
- Chills
- DOE
- Cough
viral
Lab values for anemia
Hgb and Hct
- which is Best indicator ?
- which is Not affected by fluid volume level?
- which is measured in %?
- which is Affected by fluid volume level ?
Lab values
Hgb
- Best indicator
- Not affected by fluid volume level
Hct
- %
- Affected by fluid volume level
which anemia(s) would have these s/s?
- May have no symptoms
- Fatigue (low energy production, metabolism)
- Weakness (lack of oxygen to muscles)
- Tachycardia (need more oxygen = heart beats faster)
- Dyspnea (hypoxia)
- Increased HR and RR (compensating for low oxygen)
- Hypotension
- Pallor (blood redirected to major organs)
- Faintness
- Cardiovascular symptoms, chest pain, heart failure (esp with exertion) (cardiac muscles are hypoxic and dying)
- Bone pain (erythropoietin is stored in red bone marrow in bones and released with low RBC)
symptoms due to decreased oxygen carrying ability so all anemias have them
Early asthmatic response
o Activated immediately
o Inflammatory mediators are released within _____ mins or hours_______?
o Vasodilation
o Increased capillary permeability
o Mucosal edema
o Bronchoconstriction (Bronchial smooth muscle contraction)
o Mucus secretion
Late asthmatic response
o ___-____ hours after early response
o More eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes are recruited and cause another release of inflammatory mediators
o Same s/s reoccur from early asthmatic response episode
early response = minutes
late response = 4-8 hours
Chronic inflammation of the bronchial airways, with acute exacerbations
(not alveoli)
- Causes bronchial hyperresponsiveness
- Causes constriction of airways
- Causes variable airflow obstruction that is reversible
which obstructive lung disease?
asthma
PNA is successful when it gets past defenses and to lower airways.
how does it get to lower airway: SATA
- aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions
- contact with infected surface
- inhalation of droplets containing bacteria or other pathogens
- failure of cough reflex
- failure of cilia clearance
- failure of immune system
- airborne droplets expelled by infected people
how does it get to lower airway: SATA
- aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions
X- contact with infected surface
- inhalation of droplets containing bacteria or other pathogens
- failure of cough reflex
- failure of cilia clearance
- failure of immune system
X- airborne droplets expelled by infected people
pathogens that can cause pneumonia SATA
- bacterial
- viral
- fungal
- protozoa
- parasitic
all