Week 2: Information Processing Flashcards
(19 cards)
what is involved with information processing?
remembering, problem solving, thinking, analysing
what is the modal model?
sensory memory transfers stimuli into working memory through attention, working memory encodes information into LTM through encoding, and information is retrieved from LTM.
what is effortful and automatic processing?
effortful requires deliberate attention, automatic requires no effort or choice. practice leads from effortful to automatic.
What is attention?
concentration and allocation of cognitive resources
What attention skills develop
attention span, focus, and attentional control
what are some strategies to support attention
vary activities, meaningful choice, desirable difficulty, mini-breaks when needed, circularity.
what are schemas?
cognitive builidng blocks of long term memory; abstract knowledge structures that organise information.
What is schema assimilation and accomodation?
assimilation = using current schema to interpret new event
accomodation = adjusting or making new schema to fit event
how do schemas influence learning?
determine relevance of new (perception) information and guide interpretation of new information.
Why is multitasking negative?
It has a negative effect on our feelings of academic confidence and control, and cognitive cost from switching between tasks.
What makes an effective schema activation activity
connecting to well-learned prior knowledge; knowledge that is already known and relevant to the to-be-learned knowledge.
Your students have never seen a zebra before, but you hear them say it looks like a horse with stripes. Regarding your students’ schemata, it is likely that:
They are assimilating an entirely new zebra schema
is auditory or visual storage time longer?
The auditory register is longer (3- 4 seconds) than visual (1/2 second)
How does arousal negatively impact learning
High levels of arousal redirect attention
How does attention develop throughout childhood?
attentional skills increase steeply from early to mid-childhood, then the increase starts to flatten after that
The memory systems of the modal model are:
Separate, but highly functional
Inattentional blindness occurs when:
Unexpected, but not strong stimuli, are discarded from sensory memory as irrelevant
What is effective circularity practice?
An effective circularity practice would be repeating the instructions, especially as part of the ready-to-resume plan
What is circularity
giving clear instructions, common refocus, returning to key points, available instructions.
