Week 3: How the brain learns and retains knowledge Flashcards
(18 cards)
What is working memory?
temporary storage, processing center (thinking)
what is the capacity of working memory?
~ 4 items for adults
how do you keep working memory active?
rehearsing, making decisions, reflecting, recall
what is the importance of automaticity in WM?
automatic processing frees WM space for new learning.
what is the importance of Schemas in WM?
organising various amounts of infomoration into a single chunk frees up space is WM.
What are the core themes in cognitive load theory?
intrinsic load related to content, extraneous load related to instruction or activity. (Germane load relating to “effort to understand).
how does the worked example effect potentially catalyse cognitive overload?
solving new problems or completing new tasks texes WM.
how does the redundancy effect potentially catalyse cognitive overload?
identical information presented in multiple ways unnecessarily uses WM capacity.
how does the split attention effect potentially catalyse cognitive overload?
information separated by time must be mentally intergrated
how does the transient information effect potentially catalyse cognitive overload?
transient information (e.g. speech, video) disappears quickly.
What is long term memory?
a system for permanently managing and retrieving information (schemas) for later use
what is declarative knowledge (spanning from LTM)
explicit recall of facts, experiences, and concepts
what is procedural knowledge? (stemming from LTM)
habits, skills and abilities, ‘knowing how’.
what is semantic memory? (stemming from declarative knowledge -> LTM)
involves the storage of general world knowledge, facts, concepts, and meanings—not tied to personal experiences or specific events.
what is episodic memory? (stemming from declarative knowledge -> LTM)
personal experiences (autobiographical)
What age does childhood amnesia persist until?
3.5 YOA
Autobiographical knowledge is
a combination of episodic and semantic
what is conditional knowledge?
understanding when and why to use certain strategies, skills, or pieces of information.
