Week 2: Microbial Metabolism Ch.5 Flashcards
What is the ultimate goal of metabolism?
To reproduce the organism
What are the 8 elementary principles of metabolism?
- Every cell acquires nutrients
- Metabolism requires energy from light or nutrient catabolism
- ATP stores energy
- Cells catabolizes nutrients to form precursor metabolites
- Precursor metabolites, ATP, and enzymes are used in anabolic reactions
- Enzymes plus ATP form macromolecules
- Cells grow by assembling macromolecules
- Cells reproduce once they’ve doubled in size
Define catabolism
Breaks own molecules. Exergonic
Define anabolism
Build molecules. Endergonic
What are the 3 methods of phosphorylation ADP to ATP?
Substrate level
Oxidative
Photophosphorylation
What is an apoenzyme versus holoenzyme?
Apoenzyme = inactive form that is not bound to cofactors
Holoenzyme = active form that is bound to cofactors
Difference between cofactor and coenzyme?
Coenzyme is a type of cofactor that is organic. Some cofactors are inorganic
Give examples of coenzymes
NADP+, NAD+, FAD, coenzyme A
Describe feedback inhibition
End product allosterically binds enzyme to inactivate it by changing binding site shape
Two processes to catabolize glucose?
Cellular respiration
Fermentation
Products of glycolysis?
Net gain 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and pyruvic acid
Products of pyruvate catabolism?
2 acetyl-CoA, 2 CO2, 2 NADH
Products of Kreb’s cycle?
Net gain 2 ATP, 2 FADH2, 6 NADH, 4 CO2
Where does Krebs cycle occur in eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
Eukaryotes = mitochondrial matrix
Prokaryotes = cytosol
Where does electron transport happen in eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
Eukaryotes = inner mitochondrial membrane
Prokaryotes = cytoplasmic membrane
Products of electron transport?
30-40 ATP
Other types of carb catabolism?
Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway
Pentose phosphate pathway
Fermentation provides cells with alternative source of ____?
NAD+
Final electron acceptor of aerobic respiration?
Oxygen
Fermentation products?
Lactic acid, propionic acid, CO2, ethanol, acetone, isopropanol
