Flashcards in Week 2 module 3 Deck (131)
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1
On the slippery slope of aging, what is fun?
What you want, when you want, for as long as you want
2
On the slippery slope of aging, what is function?
Choices made based on decreased physical capacity
• Have mobility disability or at risk for
3
On the slippery slope of aging, what is frailty?
Require help with ADLs and IADLs
4
On the slippery slope of aging, what is failure?
Completely dependent
5
What are the characteristics found in a person that is considered frail?
• Unintentional weight loss of >/ 10 lbs in past year
• Self-reported exhaustion 3 or more days/week
• Muscle weakness
- Grip strength < 23 women, < 32 men
• Walking speed < 0.8 m/sec
• Low level of activity
- Sitting quietly or lying down majority of the day
6
What is considered the entryway to frailty?
Muscular system
7
What is the most important factor in the subsequent institutionalization in regards to frailty?
Leg strength
8
What is the role of physical therapy in frailty?
Must apply appropriate
principles of exercise prescription
9
According to the physical stress theory, what happens when we apply too much stress (>100% of max) to a body?
Injury or tissue death
10
According to the physical stress theory, what happens when we apply sufficient load (60-100% of max) to a body?
Strengthening
11
According to the physical stress theory, what happens when we apply the usual stress (40-60% of max) to a body?
No change in tissues
12
According to the physical stress theory, what happens when we apply too little or no stress (0-40% of max) to a body?
Atrophy and loss of ability to adapt
13
How do we provide functional training for our patients?
Overload the activity of interest to challenge the entire neuromuscular system
14
How long does true strengthening take?
6 to 8 weeks
15
What is the appropriate dosing of aerobic exercise for the aging adult?
60-90% of HR max
16
How do we measure the dose of the aerobic exercise we provide for the aging adult?
• Target Heart Rate: (220-Age) x 60% to 90%
• Karvonen Method: ([60% to 90% x (220 – Age – Resting Heart Rate)] + Resting Heart Rate)
OR
• Rating of Perceived Exertion
- 12-16 = 60-90% on a 6-20 scale
- 5-8 = on a 10 point scale
- Good for those with blunted heart rate response
• Talk Test
17
What are some of the things that may limit the abilities of an aging adult to participate in aerobic exercise?
- Joint pain
- Muscle weakness
18
How can we manage the limits of an aging adult participating in aerobic exercise?
• May need strengthening exercise first
• Aquatics may also be an option
19
What is the appropriate dosing of strength exercise for the aging adult?
60-80% of 1 rep max for strength gains
20
___ is the cornerstone for preventing frailty or for reversing frailty
*Strengthening* is the cornerstone for preventing frailty or for reversing frailty
21
How do we determine how to figure out the 60-80% of 1 rep max for the aging adult, since they can't be 1 rep maxxed?
• Select weight thought to have patient experiencing muscle fatigue at around 10 reps
• Have them perform 1-2 reps and assess RPE
- 11-15 on 6-20 point scale
- “somewhat hard to hard” = 70-80% of 1 rep max
22
How many reps should result in momentary fatigue when doing strength exercises with an aging adult?
8-12 reps
23
How do do we know that our patient is experiencing momentary fatigue when doing strength exercises with an aging adult?
Observe for: look of concentration, slight tremor, mild increase in respiration
24
According to research, how many sets of strengthening exercises is sufficient for the older adult?
1 set has shown to have the same effect as 3 sets, so 1 set is sufficient, unless they really enjoy it
25
What are the strengthening exercise considerations for the aging adult?
• Underutilized and undermanaged
• Proper form
• Watch for breath holding
26
What are the parameters for flexibility exercise in the aging adult?
• 60 seconds needed for those 65 years an older to achieve
long term muscle lengthening
• 4 reps
• 5-7 days a week
27
What are the muscles we want to consider for flexibility exercise in the aging adult?
• Suboccipital muscles
• Pec minor
• Downward rotators
• Protractors
• Lumbar extensors
• Hip flexors and external
rotators
• Ankle plantar flexors
28
What is a fall?
Inadvertently coming to rest on the ground, floor or other lower level, excluding intentional change in position, to rest on furniture, wall, or other objects
29
A fall is as a result of what factors?
Environment, age related changes in functioning, and disease processes
30
