week 2 neuro

Question 1

cerebellar lateral hemispheres project to what nuclei?

Answer 1

dentate nuclei

Question 2

the cerebellar paravermal zones project to what nuclei?

Answer 2

globose and emboliform (collectively known as interpositus nuclei)

Question 3

the cerebellar vermis projects to what nuclei?

Answer 3

fastigial nuclei

Question 4

superior cerebellar peduncle tracts

Answer 4

afferent tract: anterior spinocerebellar tract - acoustic and optic information
efferent tract: dentatorubrothalamic tract and dentatothalamic tract - ipsilateral coordination of movement in the limbs

Question 5

middle cerebellar peduncle tracts

Answer 5

afferent: pontocerebellar tract

no efferent tract

Question 6

inferior cerebellar peduncle tracts

Answer 6

afferent: vastibulocerebellar tract, olivocerebellar tract, and posterior spinocerebellar tract
efferent: cerebellovestibular tract and cerebelloolivary tract - important in balance

Question 7

what comprises the vestibulocerebellum?

Answer 7

vestibular nuclei, flocculonodular lobe, inferior portion of paravermis, fastigial nuclei

Question 8

what comprises the spinocerebellum?

Answer 8

anterior lobe, vermis, superior paravermis

Question 9

what comprises the cerebrocerebellum?

Answer 9

lateral portions of the posterior lobes

Question 10

vestibulocerebellum function

Answer 10

coordinate eye, head, neck movements and maintains balance

Question 11

spinocerebellum function

Answer 11

coordinate trunk and proximal limb movements

Question 12

cerebrocerebellum function

Answer 12

coordinate fine motor planning of limbs, anticipates sensory consequences of movements, cognitive memory of motor functions

Question 13

substantia nigra

Answer 13

one of several nuclei involved in smooth motor control; degenerates in Parkinson’s disease

Question 14

cerebral peduncle

Answer 14

fiber bundles of the corticospinal tract connecting the cerebral cortex to the brainstem

Question 15

lateral geniculate

Answer 15

thalamic relay nuclei for visual information

Question 16

medial geniculate

Answer 16

thalamic relay nuclei for auditory information

Question 17

superior colliculus

Answer 17

control of reflex movements that orient the eyes, head, and neck in response to visual, auditory, and somatic stimuli

Question 18

periaqueductal gray matter

Answer 18

functions in the processing of autonomic and limbic activities, as well as modulation of nociception

Question 19

Edinger-Westphal nucleus

Answer 19

parasympathetic innervation of the eye to constrict the iris and to the ciliary muscle to alter lens shape for accomodation

Question 20

RAPD lesion of optic nerve

Answer 20

when you swing light from good eye to bad eye, the pupils will dilate instead of constrict

Question 21

red nucleus

Answer 21

relay nuclei between the cerebellum to the thalamus

Question 22

pontine nuclei

Answer 22

collection of neurons in the pons that receive input from the neocortex and send crossing fibers through the middle cerebellar peduncle

Question 23

Raphe nucleus pontis

Answer 23

one of several serotonin type nuclei involved in mood, sleep/wake cycle

Question 24

locus coeruleus

Answer 24

a noradrenergic brainstem nucleus involved in mood, sleep/wake cycle

Question 25

inferior olivary nucleus

Answer 25

origin of the climbing fibers to the Cerebellar Purkinje cells

Question 26

pyramids

Answer 26

name given to the corticospinal tract in the medulla

Question 27

reticular formation

Answer 27

a network of neurons and axons that reside in the brain stem tegmentum involved in arousal, respiration, and heart rate control

Question 28

nucleus and tractus solitarius

Answer 28

sensory nucleus for taste (from CNVII), glands, chemo/baroreceptors (CNs IX, X)

Question 29

inferior and medial vestibular nuclei

Answer 29

nuclei of the vestibular system that regulate balance

Question 30

layers and contents of cerebellar cortex

Answer 30

molecular layer: basket and stellate cells purkinje cell layer - purkinje cells only granular layer: golgi and granule cells

Question 31

climbing fibers

Answer 31

only direct input to the purkinje cells from outside the cerebellum; origin is in the olivary nuclei

Question 32

mossy fibers

Answer 32

input from outside all train areas other than olivary nuclei is via mossy fibers, which first synapse in the cerebellar glomeruli

Question 33

stellate and basket cells

Answer 33

inhibitory effect on purkinje cells

Question 34

medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF)

Answer 34

fiber pathway between the vestibular and the CN nuclei III, IV, VI to coordinate head/eye movements

Question 35

location of CN III nuclei

Answer 35

midbrain

Question 36

location of CN IV nuclei

Answer 36

midbrain

Question 37

location of CN V nuclei

Answer 37

chief sensory, mesencephalic, and motor nuclei are in the pons; the spinal tract of V extends from the pons to the cervical spinal cord where it becomes the substantia granulosa

Question 38

location of CN VI nucleus

Answer 38

pons

Question 39

location of CN VII nuclei

Answer 39

facial (efferent) and superior salivatory (PNS) nuclei are in the pons; epicritic afferent nuclei is the chief sensory nuclei of V in th pons protopathic afferent nuclei is the spinal tract of V

Question 40

location of CN VIII nuclei

Answer 40

medulla

Question 41

location of CN IX nuclei

Answer 41

baro and chemo receptor afferents to caudal nucleus solitarius in medulla taste to rostral nucleus solitarius epicritic to chief sensory nucleus of V protopathic to spinal tract of V

Question 42

location of CN X nuclei

Answer 42

baro and chemo receptors - caudal nucleus solitarius in medulla taste to rostral nucleus solitarius touch, pain, and temp to spinal nucleus of V

Question 43

paleospinothalamic pathway

Answer 43

emotional and visceral responses and modulates pain; relay to medial pain system

Question 44

neo-spinothalamic pathway

Answer 44

intensity, location, and quality of pain; relay to lateral pain system