week 3 cards Flashcards
(75 cards)
allocortex
3 layered; e.g. hippocampal formation and olfactory cortex
isocortex
6 layered
mesocortex
3-5 layers
cortex formed from the medial pallium
archicortex; next to oldest cortex (e.g. hippocampal formation)
cortex formed from the lateral pallium
paleocortex; oldest (e.g. olfactory cortex)
formed from the dorsal pallium
neocortex (synonymous with isocortex)
pyramidal cells (basic structure and function)
pear-shaped soma and a single apical dendrite as well as a basal rosette of dendrites; the dendrites contain spines; projection neurons - axons project to deep white matter; can also project locally; excitatory, glutamate is primary NT
nonpyramidal cells
primarily GABA-ergic interneurons; multipolar or bipolar; e.g. chandelier, basket, neuroglia, and bipolar cells
spiny stellate cell
interneuron (locally projecting) that uses glutamate as its transmitter; located in layer IV of cortex; contains dendritic spines
basket cells
non-pyramidal cells in layers II, III, and V; multipolar and axons have “basket shaped” terminations that surround pyramidal cell soma
chandelier cells
non-pyramidal cells; axonal terminations contact the initial segments of pyramidal neurons
bipolar cells
non-pyramidal cells that have long dendrites and axons that are vertically oriented axons; tend to innervate more distal dendrites of pyramidal neurons
pyramidal cells of layers II and III
main source of cortico-cortical connections, including association fibers that project ipsilaterally and commissural projections that cross corpus callosum to the equivalent area on the opposite side; also send some axons to the sub cortex (esp. basal ganglia)
Layer V pyramidal neurons
main output of cortex; more superficial neurons in V are thinner with a smaller apical dendrite and project to the contralateral cortex and subcortical telencephalic targets; deeper neurons in V are robust and project beyond the telencephalon
layer VI pyramidal neurons
project to the thalamus; basis for thalamocortical rhythms, which are responsible for sleep-wake cycle regulation and consciousness; absence = epilepsy
primary motor cortex
area 4; pre central gyrus
primary somatosensory cortex
areas 3, 2, 1; post-central gyrus, superior parietal lobule
primary visual cortex
area 17; banks of calcarine fissure
primary auditory cortex
areas 41 and 42; transverse gyrus (Heschl’s)
premotor association area
area 6
somatosensory association area
areas 5 and 7 of the superior parietal lobule
areas 3a and 2
receive inputs from muscle afferents
areas 3b and 1
receive cutaneous inputs
parietal association cortex
attention to the internal and external environment;
