Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

2) Neuro > Week 2: Neurons & Embryology > Flashcards

Week 2: Neurons & Embryology Flashcards

(77 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Unipolar Neuron

A

1 cell process bc the sensory portion of cell is in the soma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bipolar Neuron

A

2 cell processes; Dendrite tree is outside the soma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Multipolar Neuron

A

2 dendrites that transmit sensory & motor impulses; Makes up most of the CNS & PNS

*Typical neuron that we think of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pseudopolar Neuron

A

When an axon from a unipolar neuron splits so there’s myelinization on the dendritic side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Nissl Bodies

A

Rough ER

Synthesizes & transports proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Neurofibrils, Microfibrils, & Neurotubules

A

Help maintain cell’s shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Further processes protein compounds from ribosomes

Packages neurotransmitters to protect them from enzymes in cytoplasm

Packages lysosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Mitochondria

A

Converts nutrients to energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Inclusions

A

Anything w/in the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Axon Hillock

A

AP trigger zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Collateral Axon

A

Splits off the main axon to go to a slightly different target

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Telodendria

A

Very ends, right before the terminal buttons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Schwann Cells

A

Myelin in the PNS; Multiple on 1 axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Myelin in the CNS; Multiple axons for 1 cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Glial Cells

A

Scaffolding & support cells & communication facilitators; Also help enhance flow of ECF (nutrient transport) & scar formation

Include astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, & ependymal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Astrocytes

A
  • Star-shaped cytoskeletal cells in the CNS

* Provide structural support, form BBB, facilitate nutrient transport, & release glutamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Protoplasmic Astrocytes

A

Gray Matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Fibrous Astrocytes

A

White Matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Radial Astrocytes

A

Guide Development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Microglia

A

Phagocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ependymal Cells

A

Specialized microglia that line the ventricles & CNS cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Type of Axoplasmic Transport

A

Anterograde & Retrograde

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Anterograde Transport

A

Moves neurotransmitters & other substances from the soma & down the axon towards the pre-synaptic terminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Retrograde Transport

A

Moves substances from the synapse towards the soma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Resting Membrane Potential
-65mV
26
Depolarization
Cell is becoming positively charged
27
Afferent Transmission
Towards the CNS (sensory)
28
Efferent
To the PNS (muscles)
29
What are the events that lead up to an AP?
1) Cell is at RMP. Voltage-gated Na+ & K+ channels are closed. 2) Membrane gets subjected to a stimulus so Na+ channels open & Na+ begins to flow in & the cell starts to become more (+). 3) Threshold. Na+ channels continue to open so inflow of Na+ increases. Cell's charge is at least -55mV. 4) Interior of the cell continues to become more (+). At this point, the Na+ concentration is almost equal so Na+ channels begin to close. 5) AP. Charge of the neuron is about +30mV. 6) Voltage-gated K+ channels open & K+ begins to flow out of the cell so the neuron is starting to become (-). 7) K+ channels are still open so the cell continues become more negatively charged & the cell hyperpolarizes.
30
What part of the neuron does GBS effect?
Myelin
31
What are the stages of development in days 1-14?
Mature Follicle-->Oocyte-->Fertilized Zygote-->2-cell Stage-->4-cell Stage-->8-cell Stage-->Morula-->Blastocyst
32
What forms during the 2nd-8th week?
``` Bilaminar Embryo Hypoblast Epiblast Primitive Knot Notochord ```
33
Primitive Knot
Directs the movement of the devo of the primitive streak
34
Notochord
Becomes the nucleus pulposus
35
What forms on days 16?
Ectoderm, Mesoderm, & Endoderm (Trilaminar Layer)
36
What does the ectoderm become?
The neural plate, which eventually becomes the epidermis & nervous system
37
What does the mesoderm become?
Dermatomes (skin), Myotomes (muscle), & Sclerotome (Axial Skeleton)
38
What does the endoderm become?
Smooth muscle in internal organs
39
Neural Plate
Where the groove forms
40
What happens on day 18?
Neural groove & folds form
41
What happens on day 21?
Neural tube starts to form
42
What forms on days 26-28?
Scleroderm, Mytomes, & Dermatomes
43
What does the scleroderm become?
Axial Skeleton
44
What does the mytome become?
Muscle
45
What does the dermatome become?
Skin
46
Ependymal Layers
Line ventricles & secrete CSF
47
Mantle Layers
Becomes grey matter
48
Marginal Layers
Becomes white matter
49
Sulcus Limitans
Imaginary line that separates motor & sensory fxns
50
Dorsal Alar Plate
Sensory Fxn
51
Ventral Basal Plate
Motor Fxn
52
What does the prosencephalon become?
Telencephalon & Diencephalon
53
Prosencephalon-->Telencephalon-->?
Cerebral hemispheres Corpus Striatum Cortex + Medullary Center of White Matter
54
Prosencephalon-->Diencephalon-->?
Thalamus, Epithalamus, & Subthalamus
55
What does the mesencephalon become?
Midbrain
56
What does the rhombencephalon become?
Metencephalon & Myelencephalon
57
Rhombencephalon-->Metencephalon-->?
Pons & Midbrain
58
Rhombencephalon-->Myelencephalon-->?
Medulla
59
When does prosencephalon development start?
5th Week
60
Anencephaly
Rudimentary brainstem w/out cerebral & cerebellar hemispheres. "Cephalic neuropore doesn't close in the 4th wk so development essentially stops at the midbrain level"
61
Arnold-Chiari Deformity
Inferior cerebellum & medulla are elongated, protruding into the vertebral canal; Malformation of the medulla & pons happens as well.
62
Spina Bifida
Developmental defect when the inferior part of the neural tubes fails to close so vertebral arches don't fuse
63
CP
Motor disorder caused by permanent, nonprogressive damage to the developing brain
64
Tethered-Cord Syndrome
End of the spinal cord adheres to one of the lower vertebrae
65
What are the parts of the trilaminar layer?
Endoderm, Mesoderm, & Ectoderm
66
What form of spina bifida is associated w/more impairments & why?
Myelomeningocele bc the spinal cord is outside of the dural sac.
67
When do we start looking human-ish?
5th week
68
Projection Fibers
Axons that travel up & down the CNS
69
Association Fibers
Axons that connect one lobe or ipsilateral fibers to another
70
Commissural Fibers
Axons that run between the hemispheres or contralateral fibers *Always cross midline
71
Temporal Summation
1 nerve sends neurotransmitter that bombards the same dendrite.
72
Meningocele
Dural sac extrudes beyond the back; Does not involve spinal nerves
73
Meningomyelocele
Portions of the spinal cord get displaced into the extruding dural sack so nerve roots get stretched.
74
Cleft Palate
Suture of the palatine bone doesn't fuse properly in the 6th-12th week
75
Microcephaly
Underdevo of brain tissue
76
Myeloschisis
Neural tube doesn't devo so baby will have paralysis-No dural container
77
Plagiocephaly
Asymmetrical skull shape *Flattening on one side will cause overgrowth on the opposite side.

2) Neuro (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions