Week 3: CNS Blood & CSF Circulation

Question 1

Anterior Spinal Artery

Answer 1

Runs through the anterior median fissure & supplies the anterior 2/3 of the spinal cord

At the brainstem runs up the midline, splits into L & R, & then anastamoses w/the vertebral arteries

Question 2

Posterior Spinal Arteries

Answer 2

Run through the posterior median septums & supplies the posterior 1/3 of the spinal cord

Question 3

Vertebral Arteries

Answer 3

Branches of the subclavian arteries & gives rise to the anterior spinal arteries, posterior spinal arteries, & posterior inferior cerebellar artery

Supplies the upper spinal cord

Question 4

Posterior Intercostal Branch of the Thoracic Aorta

Answer 4

*

Question 5

Lumbar Branch of the Aorta

Answer 5

*

Question 6

Anterior Spinal Veins

Answer 6

Runs through the anterior median fissure

Question 7

Posterior Spinal Veins

Answer 7

Runs through the posterior median sulcus

Question 8

Anterior & Posterior Radicular Veins

Answer 8

Run horizontally of the sides of the spinal cord similar to the way the spinal nerve roots do & come together to form the spinal vein

Question 9

Dura Mater

Answer 9

Outermost layer; Toughest

Question 10

Arachnoid Mater

Answer 10

Middle Layer

Has arachnoid villi (form arachnoid granulations)–>Pierce the dura & go into venous sinuses
Allow CSF to flow into the sinuses

Question 11

Pia Mater

Answer 11

Innermost layer

Attached to the arachnoid except at the dural sinuses

Has falx cerebri

Question 12

Internal Carotid Artery

Answer 12

Branches into the posterior communicating artery & middle cerebral artery

Enters the skill through the temporal bones

Provides blood supply to most of the cerebrum

Question 13

Posterior Communicating Artery

Answer 13

Branches off the internal carotid artery & runs to the posterior cerebral artery

Question 14

Anterior Choroidal Artery

Answer 14

Comes off the internal carotid artery right before ICA curves into the middle cerebral artery & runs along the bottom of the _______

Supplies the choroid plexus, optic tract, basal ganglia, lateral geniculate, & internal capsule

Question 15

Middle Cerebral Artery

Answer 15

Runs along the side of the temporal lobe & into the lateral sulcus

Question 16

Anterior Cerebral Artery

Answer 16

Runs in between the olfactory nerves along the medial edges of each hemisphere & then sweeps up & back above the corpus callosum

Supplies the frontal lobes, parietal lobes, & corpus callosum

Question 17

Anterior Communicating Artery

Answer 17

Connects anterior cerebral arteries together

Question 18

Pericallosal Artery

Answer 18

Branches off the anterior cerebral artery & runs along the top of the corpus callosum

Question 19

Callosomarginal Artery

Answer 19

Branches off the anterior cerebral artery & runs along the top of what looks like the limbic lobe

Question 20

Circle of Willis

Answer 20

Anastomotic ring of 9 arteries that supply blood to the cerebrum; 6 large arteries anastamose w/3 small communicating arteries

Can provide alternate circulation routes if one portion is blocked

Question 21

Posterior Communicating Arteries

Answer 21

Link the internal carotid arteries w/the posterior cerebral artery

Question 22

Posterior Cerebral Arteries

Answer 22

Stems off the superior aspect of the basilar artery & wraps around the midbrain

Eventually splits into the temporal artery, calcarine artery, parieto-occipital artery, & posterior choroidal artery

Supplies the midbrain (primary source), occipital lobes, & medial inferior temporal lobes

Question 23

What arteries make up the circle of willis?

Answer 23

Anterior Cerebral Arteries
Anterior Communicating Arteries
Internal Carotid Arteries
Posterior Cerebral Arteries
Posterior Communicating Arteries

Question 24

Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Arteries

Answer 24

Comes off the vertebral artery & goes along the inferior aspect of the cerebellum

Question 25

Basilar Artery

Answer 25

Forms when the vertebral arteries come together; Runs along the midline of the pons & then splits superiorly into the posterior cerebral arteries Supplies the pons & cerebellum

Question 26

Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Arteries

Answer 26

Stems off the basilar artery (2nd)

Question 27

Labyrinthine Arteries

Answer 27

Branches off the from the anterior inferior cerebellar artery

Question 28

Pontine Arteries

Answer 28

3rd & 4th arteries to branch off the basilar artery

Question 29

Superior Cerebellar Artery

Answer 29

Next to last artery to branch off the basilar artery

Question 30

Lateral Ventricles

Answer 30

On top Biggest 1 in each hemisphere Has a body, atrium, & ant/post/inf horns

Question 31

3rd Ventricle

Answer 31

Narrow slit in the midline of the diencephalon Walls are the thalamus & hypothalamus

Question 32

4th Ventricle

Answer 32

In between the pons & cerebellum Drains into the subarachnoid space via the foramina of Luschka & Foramen of Magendie

Question 33

Cerebral Aqueduct

Answer 33

Connects the 3rd & 4th ventricles

Question 34

Central Canal

Answer 34

*

Question 35

Cisterna Magna

Answer 35

Under the cerebellum & between that & the medulla

Question 36

Pontine Cistern

Answer 36

Below the pons

Question 37

Interpeduncular Cisterns

Answer 37

Superior to the pons; Kind of posterior to the infundibulum/hypothalamus

Question 38

Cistern of the Optic Chiasm

Answer 38

*

Question 39

Cistern of the Lamina Terminalis

Answer 39

Anterior to the hypothalamus Turns into the cistern of the corpus callosum

Question 40

Cistern of the Corpus Callosum

Answer 40

Runs all around the corpus callosum

Question 41

Superior Cistern/Cistern of the Great Cerebral Vein

Answer 41

*

Question 42

Cisterna Ambians

Answer 42

Superior Cistern + Subarachnoid space around the lateral midbrain

Question 43

Cistern of the Lateral Sulcus

Answer 43

Where fluid pools in the lateral sulcus

Question 44

Lumbar Cistern

Answer 44

Space after SC shortens Contains the cauda equina Where LP is done into the subarachnoid space

Question 45

Hydrocephalus

Answer 45

Too much CSF gets produced, not enough gets absorbed, or circulation is blocked Cause by CP in overdrive or Foramen of Magendie can pinch off CSF flow

Question 46

What locations & fxns wold be impaired by an occlusion of the basilar artery?

Answer 46

*

Question 47

What locations & fxns wold be impaired by an occlusion of the anterior communicating artery?

Answer 47

*

Question 48

What locations & fxns wold be impaired by an occlusion of the middle cerebral artery?

Answer 48

*

Question 49

What locations & fxns wold be impaired by an occlusion of the superior cerebellar artery?

Answer 49

*

Question 50

What locations & fxns wold be impaired by an occlusion of the anterior spinal artery?

Answer 50

*

Question 51

What locations & fxns wold be impaired by an occlusion of the cerebral aqueduct?

Answer 51

*

Question 52

What arteries & venous systems keep the basal ganglia healthy?

Answer 52

*

Question 53

What roles do the cisterns play?

Answer 53

Fill space where dura doesn't lay flat & is where CSF collects

Question 54

Describe how blood vessels & CSF are integrated in the brain.

Answer 54

*

Question 55

Septum Pellucidum

Answer 55

Separates the R & L lateral ventricles

Question 56

Name the lobes in which the areas of the lateral ventricles are: * Anterior Horn * Body * Posterior Horn * Inferior Horn * Atrium (Trigone)

Answer 56

Anterior Horn=Frontal Lobe Body=Frontal & Parietal Lobes Posterior Horn=Occipital Lobe Inferior Horn=Temporal Lobe Atrium (Trigone)=Junction of body, Posterior Horn, & Inferior Horn

Question 57

What structures make up the roof, walls, & floor of the lateral ventricles?

Answer 57

Corpus Callosum=Roof Caudate Nucleus=Lateral Wall Septum Pellucidum=Medial Wall Hippocampus=Floor (of interior horn)

Question 58

Arachnoid Granulations

Answer 58

Outgrowings of arachnoid tissue that pierce the dura mater into the superior sagittal sinus; Serve as a 1-way passage into the sinus for CSF

Question 59

What does the glymphatic system do?

Answer 59

Absorbs nutrients out of the deep tissues, which then get pulled into the venous system

Question 60

Fxns of CSF

Answer 60

Spatial buffering for heartbeats, masses, etc, Regulates EC(brain)F for nutrient & waste removal, & is a route of hormone transport

Question 61

What does the falx cerebri anchor to?

Answer 61

Crista Galli anteriorly & blends w/the Tentorium Cerebelli posterioly