Week 2 - Research design and reporting Flashcards
An example of a longitudinal study would be…
a. The Australian swimming team records what they ate for breakfast before training.
b. After the Australian basketball team finishes a game, their stress levels are measured.
c. The wellbeing of the Australian sailing team is measured during the Olympics and 1 month after the Olympics, and compared.
d. After their plane lands, the Australian rowing team completes a questionnaire on their sleepiness.
c. The wellbeing of the Australian sailing team is measured during the Olympics and 1 month after the Olympics, and compared.
Quasi-experimental designs…
a. Do not manipulate any variables; participants are assigned to a condition they select.
b. Do not manipulate any variables; participants are assigned to a condition based on non-random criteria.
c. Manipulate the minority of variables.
d. Manipulate the majority of variables.
b. Do not manipulate any variables; participants are assigned to a condition based on non-random criteria.
An example of a cross-sectional study would be…
a. The Adelaide Thunderbirds netball team self-report their depression levels after their 1st game of the season.
b. The Adelaide Thunderbirds netball team wear activity trackers all season, and their activity patterns are assessed over time.
c. The Adelaide Thunderbirds netball team report their happiness levels after each game of the season.
d. The Adelaide Thunderbirds netball team players log their injuries after each game of the season.
a. The Adelaide Thunderbirds netball team self-report their depression levels after their 1st game of the season.
We run an experiment investigating how monetary reward affects reaction time. Each participant undergoes each condition: (1) no monetary reward for reaction times <150ms, (2) $5 reward if >20% of reaction times <150ms, (3) $50 reward if >40% of reaction times <150ms. The order of conditions is counterbalanced across participants. What design is being used here?
a. Quasi-experimental between-subjects design
b. Experimental within-subjects design
c. Observational mixed-subjects design
d. Observational within-subjects design
b. Experimental within-subjects design
We ran a study investigating how younger and older adults remember faces. All participants were presented with 20 images of faces, presented one at a time for 5 seconds, and were instructed that they should remember all images. They then engaged in a foil (distractor) task for 20 minutes, after which, they were presented with 40 images of faces, half of which were initially presented to them. They had to indicate whether the image was “old” (i.e. previously presented) or “new” (i.e. not previously presented). Correct responses were recorded and compared between the younger and older adult groups. What study design is being used here?
a. Mixed between-within subjects
b. Between-subjects
c. Within-subjects
d. Population-based
b. Between-subjects
We go to a high school and collect data on numeracy and literacy from all students on one day. What can we say about the study design? It is…
a. Longitudinal, experimental and mixed (between- and within-subject assessments)
b. Longitudinal, quasi-experimental and mixed (between- and within-subject assessments)
c. Cross-sectional, experimental and between-subjects
d. Cross-sectional, observational, and between-subjects
d. Cross-sectional, observational, and between-subjects
A population-based sample…
a. Is typically recruited through social media
b. Represents the structure of the underlying population.
c. Is more biased than clinic samples.
d. Cannot be randomly sampled.
b. Represents the structure of the underlying population.
Most psychological research is on western, educated, industrialised, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) samples. This means…
a. That highly educated people show the same pattern of responses as those with less education
b. That Universities in developing countries haven’t published their findings.
c. That findings reflect most of the world’s population.
d. That generalisation is very limited.
d. That generalisation is very limited.
We advertise a study investigating the effects of bungee jumping. The poster states that participation involves bungee jumping off a man-made structure in Port Adelaide. We are most likely to observe…
a. A fear bias amongst participants
b. A healthy bias amongst participants
c. An under-coverage bias amongst participants
d. A self-selection bias among participants
d. A self-selection bias among participants
Experimental designs are characterised by…
a. Manipulation of at least one variable and randomisation
b. Manipulation of at least two variables and randomisation
c. Allocation to conditions based participant characteristics
d. Conditions and manipulations
a. Manipulation of at least one variable and randomisation
If we draw a random sample, we:
a. randomly select hypotheses to evaluate
b. randomly select participants to be in our study
c. randomly assign participants to levels of the independent variable
d. select participants who are a bit random
b. randomly select participants to be in our study
What is not a property of distribution?
a. Symmetry
b. Central tendency
c. Information across a dataset
d. Variability
c. Information across a dataset
Leptokurtic means…
a. Negative kurtosis
b. Normal distribution
c. Positive skew
d. Positive kurtosis
d. Positive kurtosis
Qualitative designs use…
a. Only longitudinal (not cross-sectional)
b. Numbers
c. Descriptive representations of information
d. Numerical representations
c. Descriptive representations of information
To assess test-retest reliability, we should
a. administer the test to the same people on two occasions
b. administer the test to different people on two occasions
c. administer half of the test on one occasion and the other half on another occasion
d. any of the above
a. administer the test to the same people on two occasions
When a researcher chooses variables to measure a theoretical construct, she has ___ the construct.
a. validated
b. externalized
c. operationalised
d. generalised
c. operationalised
Research has good ___ validity when the variables measured are highly related to the concepts under study.
a. construct
b. internal
c. external
d. operational
a. construct
A researcher conducts a between groups study in which children were randomly assigned to view either an antisocial or prosocial cartoon. The researcher hypothesises that children who were exposed to the antisocial cartoon will engage in more aggressive behaviour than children who were exposed to the prosocial cartoon.
a. aggressive behaviour is the independent variable, type of cartoon is the dependent variable
b. aggressive behaviour is the dependent variable, type of cartoon is the independent variable
c. order of viewing the cartoons is the independent variable
d. none of the above
b. aggressive behaviour is the dependent variable, type of cartoon is the independent variable
Prior to developing your hypothesis, you must…
a. Conduct a literature search
b. Determine if our p value is significant
c. Ensure we have a large effect
d. Collect your data
a. Conduct a literature search
Counterbalancing:
a. is important in all experimental research
b. is a way of exerting experimental control in within-groups designs
c. rules out all of the threats to internal validity in non-experimental designs
d. is important when juggling knives whilst balancing on a tightrope
b. is a way of exerting experimental control in within-groups designs
Participants are randomly allocated to levels of the independent variable in order to
a. increase the internal validity of a study
b. rule out the selection threat to internal validity
c. increase the external validity of the study
d. a & b
d. a & b
There are four possible features of variables. They are…
a. Masking, magnitude, equal intervals, changeable zero.
b. Masking, magnitude, equal intervals, absolute zero.
c. Identity, magnitude, equal intervals, changeable zero.
d. Identity, magnitude, equal intervals, absolute zero.
c. Identity, magnitude, equal intervals, changeable zero.
An example of a longitudinal study would be…
a. After their team bus arrives, the Australian cricket team completes a questionnaire on their anxiety levels
b. The Australian netball team records what they ate for lunch after training
c. After the New Zealand swimming team finishes a race, their heart rate is measured
d. The wellbeing of the English Football team is measured during the World Cup and 1 month later
d. The wellbeing of the English Football team is measured during the World Cup and 1 month later
