Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Peds and Geriatrics > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

(55 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

dfine immunizarion

A

process of infucing/ providing immunity artificially by administering an immonobiologic agent

can be done passively or actively

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

passive immunity:

A

ex: IG
palivizumab

provides temporary immunity in an unimmunized person prior to or after exposure to an infectious disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

active immunity:

A

ex: vaccines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

categories of vaccines

live attenuated

A

MMR
rubella
varicella
rotavirus
LAIV ingluenza
polio (OPV)
zoster (ZVL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

categories of vaccines

toxoids

A

diptheria

tetanus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

categories of vaccines

inactivated

A

hepatitis A

influenza IIV

pertusis

polio (IPV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

categories of cvaccines

recombinnant

A

Hep B

HPV

RZV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

categories of vaccines

conjugated/ polysaccharide

A

Hib

meningococcal

pneumococcal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ultimate goal of vaccines

A

eradification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

guidelines for spacing of live and inactivated vaccines

A

> 2 inactivated: can be given at same time or at any interval between doses

inactiated + live: can be given at same time or anytime

> /2 live parenteral: 28 day min interval, if not administered simultaneously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

not vaccinating on schedule consequences

A

too soon: reduce antibody response

too late: delayed protection

vaccine dose adminstered >5 days before the minimum dosing intervalor age should not be counted as valid doses and should be repeated as age appropriate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

when should immunization be avoided

A

mod-severe illnedd

hx of typ1 anaphylaxis ANA

immunodeficiencies apples to live attenuated vaccines) leukemia, malignancy, hiv, chemo, redioation, prednisone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

vaccination and pregnancy

A

live atewnnuated vaccine CI

recommended: influenze LIV, Tdap, covid 19

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

vaccine interactions

A

chemo/radiation (live virus vaccines)

vaccinate 2 weeks b4 or 3 mo after

systemic coticosteroids (live virus vaccines)
*high dose treatment for an extended duration >/2 mg/kg/d or >/20 mg/d prednison for >/14 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

when is it ok to vaccinate child during CTS trt

A

topical therapy or local injections

physiologic maintenance theraoy

low/mod systemic cts daily or on alternate days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

when is it okay to vaccinate following cts treatment

A

high dose of systemic cts (2mg/kg) giben orally or on alternate days for fewer than 14 days. canvaccinate immediately following d/c or wait~2 eeks (14 days

high doses of systemic coticosteroids (2mg/kg) given daily or on alternate days for 14 days or more. must wait >1 month to vaccinate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ivig effects on vaccination

A

ivig should not be admin for 14 days after immunization.

if needed in <14 days, need to readminster vaccine

post ivig, vaccine shouls not be given <3 months post ivig. following high dose ivig fo rtrt of kawasaki disease, hold live vaccines for 11 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ppd and live vaccines

A

live vaccines can supress tb skin tests

must be given simultaneously or wait 4-6 weeks to place ppd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

antivirals and vaccination

A

may decrease effectiveneess of LAIV

avoid use 14 days after LAIV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

inactivated and activated vaccine SS

A

inactivated
injectin site reactions w. or w.o fever

inflammtory reponse

welling redness pain

sq>im

activates: mild form of natural illness, tiredness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

vaccine myths

diseases that vaccines prevent are not serious

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Vaccine overview

Disease(s) covered:
diptheria, tetanus, pertussis

Etiology:

Vaccine(s) available):

Vaccine Schedule:

Adverse effects:

Vaccine precautions:

Contraindications

A

Vaccine overview

Disease(s) covered:
a. Diptheria
b.Tetanus
c) Pertussis

Etiology:
a: corynebacterium diptheriae
b. Clostridium tetani (ubiquitous): causes muscle regidity and spasms.
c)Bordetella pertusis: whooping cough- very contagious

Vaccine(s) available):
1. DTap (infanrix, Daptacel) : use in children
2.Tdap (Adacel, Boostrix)
3. Td Tenivac, Tdvax)
4. DTAP+IPV (kinrix)
5.DTap +IPV+Hib (Pentacel)
6.DTap+IPV +HebB (pediarix)
7. DTaP+IPV+Hib+Heb B (Vaxelis

Vaccine Schedule:
DTap: 5 doses
*2,4,6 months
*15-18 months
*4-6 years

Tdap: 1 dose@11-12 y.o
followed by Tdap or Td booster q10 years and during every pregnancy regardless of when the most recent dose was given

Adverse effects:
local reaCTIONS(redness, swelling, pain
fever

Vaccine precautions:
hx of arthus type hy[ersensitivity reactions
unstanle progressive neurologic problem/uncontrolled seizures

Contraindications:
severe allergic reaction
hx of encephalopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Vaccine overview

Disease(s) covered: Haemohpalus influenze type B

Etiology:

Vaccine(s) available):

Vaccine Schedule:

Also recommended for:

Adverse effects:

Vaccine precautions:

Contraindications

Study These Flashcards
A

Vaccine overview

Disease(s) covered:
Haemophilus influenzae type B

Etiology: most common cause of childhood bacterial meningitis pre -vaccination

Vaccine(s) available):
Hib:( ActiHib, Hiberix, Pedvax Hib)
DTap +IPV+Hib (Pentacel)
DTaP+IPV+Hib+Heb B (Vaxelis

Vaccine Schedule:
2months, 4 months, and 12 -15 months (6 mo dose permissible if combo vaccine is used)

Also recommended for: high risk pts >12-15 mo old recieving chemo/radiation, immunodeficient, asplenia (including sicklecell)

Adverse effects:
local reactions, fever

Vaccine precautions: –

Contraindications: severe alergic reactions

24
Q

Vaccine overview

Disease(s) covered: Hep A

Etiology:

Vaccine(s) available):

Vaccine Schedule:

Also recommended for:

Adverse effects:

Vaccine precautions:

Contraindications

Study These Flashcards
A

Vaccine overview

Disease(s) covered: HEp A

Etiology:

Vaccine(s) available):
HVA:Havrix, Vaqta
HVA+HVB: Twinrix

Vaccine Schedule:
HVA vaccine: all children 12-23 month
2 doses given months apart.
*can be given from 6-12 months if in high risk group

HVA+HVB: >/18 y.o high risk groups. 3-4 dose series (high risk groups such as chronic liver disease, clotting factor disease, MWHSWM injection or non injection drug use, homelessness, work w. ppl w. HVA, internatinal travel)

Also recommended for:

Adverse effects: injection stie sorenss and headache

Vaccine precautions:

Contraindications: severe allergy

25
Vaccine overview Disease(s) covered: HBV Etiology: Vaccine(s) available): Vaccine Schedule: Also recommended for: Adverse effects: Vaccine precautions: Contraindications
Vaccine overview Disease(s) covered: HBV Etiology: Vaccine(s) available): Hep b: recombivax HB,Engerix-B 6.DTap+IPV +HebB (pediarix) DTaP+IPV+Hib+Heb B (Vaxelis) HVA+HVB: Twinrix Vaccine Schedule: 3 doses I.at birth (based on cdc recommendations) II.1-2 months III.6-18 months Also recommended for: Adverse effects: local pain, fatigue, low grade fever Vaccine precautions: Contraindications: severe allergic reactino
26
when to give Hep B based on maternal hep b status
Maternal sttaus negative: >/2 kg: vaccine only w.in 24 hours of birth /2 kg: vaccine only w.in 12 hours of birth /2 kg: vaccine and HBIG w.in 12 hours
27
Vaccine overview Disease(s) covered: HPVV Etiology: Vaccine(s) available): Vaccine Schedule: Also recommended for: Adverse effects: Vaccine precautions: Contraindications
Vaccine overview Disease(s) covered: HBV Etiology: most common std in us causing genital warts. can cause cancer Vaccine(s) available): HPV: Gardisil 9 Vaccine Schedule: if started 9-14: 2 dose series 6-12 months between eachother >15: 3 dose series, first dose 1-2 months after 1st, then 6 months after second Also recommended for: Adverse effects: well tollerated Vaccine precautions: pregnancy Contraindications: hypersensitivity
28
Vaccine overview Influenza type A and B Etiology: Vaccine(s) available): Vaccine Schedule: Also recommended for: Adverse effects: Vaccine precautions: Contraindications
Vaccine overview Disease(s) covered: HBV Etiology: Vaccine(s) available): trivalent (protect against 2 strains of type a and 1 strain of type b quadrivalent: cover for 2-A strains a 2 b strains inactivated vaccines that can be used in >6 mo: afluria, fluarix, flulaval, fluzone Flumist: LAIV: age 2-49 Vaccine Schedule: IIV: 6 months and older annually LAIV: 2-49 y.o annually NOTE: pts. <9 y.o who are receiving their first lifetime dosecan recieve flu vaccine in 1-2 doses seperated by 4 weekss dose: 6-35 mo. .25-0.5 mL IM in one or 2 dose 3-8 years: 0.5 mL IM >/9: 0.5 ML one dose Also recommended for: Adverse effects: IIV: local reactions LAIV: rhinorrhea Vaccine precautions: IIV/LAIV: history of GBS w.in 6 weeks of previous vaccination LAIV: asthma >5 y.o; underlying medical conditions that increase influenza related complications; mod-severe illness.. other Contraindications vaccine allergy LAIV: <2 y.o, adults >/50, pregnancy, healthcare workers that provide care to immunocompromised pts, asplenia, children 2-4 w. asthma or h/o wheezing in past 12 months note: EGG ALLERGY NOT CI TO INFLUENZA VACCINATION
29
Vaccine overview Diseases covered: MMR Etiology: Vaccine(s) available): Vaccine Schedule: Also recommended for: Adverse effects: Vaccine precautions: Contraindications
Vaccine overview Diseases covered: a) measles b)mumps c)rubella Etiology: a) rash, flat red spots. b)rash c)"german measles" congential rubella syndrome Vaccine(s) available): MMR Proquad (MMR+V) Vaccine Schedule: 2 doses: 1 @12 months 2@ 4-6 years Pearl: admin pearl: for proquad. dose 1 of MMR+V can be adminstered as seperate vaccinations if traveling to an area with measles age 6-12 months: give b4 travel >/12 months: give 2 doses of mmr >/4 weeks to travel THESE DO NOT COUNT AS ONE OF THE SCHEDULED REG DOSES OF MMR mups outbreaks: 3rd dose of mmr recommended Adverse effects: fever, rash, febrile seizures in pts who took MMRV vaccine Vaccine precautions: Contraindications hypersensitivity pregnancy immunosupression postpone vacination 1 mo following d/c og high dose CTS >/14 days postpone vaccination several months after IVIG
30
Vaccine overview varicella Etiology: Vaccine(s) available): Vaccine Schedule: Also recommended for: Adverse effects: Vaccine precautions: Contraindications
Vaccine overview Etiology: chicken pox Vaccine(s) available): Varivax Proquad MMR+V Vaccine Schedule: 2 doses: 1@12 mo 2@4-6 years Also recommended for: Adverse effects: maculopapular rash injection site reactions fever transmission of varicella Vaccine precautions: avoid use of antivirals 14 days after vaccination if possible Contraindications pregnancy immunosupression postpone vaccination 1 month after high dose cts >/14 days posptpone vaccination several months after ivig
31
Meningococcus available schedule
menvea>/2 mo Menactra >/9 months schedule:2 doses i1@11-12 doses: booster at 16 if dose 1 given at 13-15, booster at 16-18 if dose 1 given at >16: no booster needed vaccination also recommended in immunocompromised, sicklecell, meningococcal b vaccines not for routine use. can use in high risk pts vaacine vaccine interactions: menactra and PCV13: admin after 4 weeks of completion of pcv13 menactra and dtap: admin menactra before or concaminantly w.dtap no interactions with manveo
32
Vaccine overview Etiology: INVASIVE PNEU OCOCCUS Vaccine(s) available): Vaccine Schedule: Also recommended for: Adverse effects: Vaccine precautions: Contraindications
Vaccine overview invasive pneumococcus Etiology: Vaccine(s) available): Prevnar (PCV13): conjugate vaccine pneumovax: polysaccharide vaccine Vaccine Schedule: 2,4,6, months, then 12-16 months also pts w. high risk conditions also giver to immunocompromised, Also recommended for: Adverse effects: Vaccine precautions: Contraindications
33
pneumococcal vaccinairion in high risk pts age 2-5
determine if pcv13 series finished. yes: and recieved 1 dose of ppsv23: no further interventin not complete: a) h/o 3 doses: give 1 dose of ppcv13 8 weeks apart, then 1 dose of ppsv23 b)h/o<3 doses: 2 doses pcv13 >8 weeks apart ----- then determine if they recieved ppsv23 if yes: no further intervention if not: look at risk factors: chd, cld, dm, csf leak, cochlear implant, high dose corticosteroids... give 1 dose of ppsv23 if immunocompromised: give 1 dose of ppsv23 >8 weeks after pcv13and then 2nd dose 5 years later
34
pneumoccoal vaccine in high risk pts ages 6-18 months
chd, cld dm: recieve ppsv23 after pcv13 csf, cochlear implant: need 1 dose of pcv13 , 1 dose of ppsv23 8 weeks later immunocompromised, and crf: need 1 dose pcv13 and 2 doses ppsv23 ( 1 8 weeks after , then 5 years later)
35
poliomyolitis vaccine schedule
available vaccines: IPV : IPV( IPOL) 4. DTAP+IPV (kinrix) 5.DTap +IPV+Hib (Pentacel) 6.DTap+IPV +HebB (pediarix) 7. DTaP+IPV+Hib+Heb B (Vaxelis schedule: 2 months 4 months 6-18 months 4-6 years CI: polymyxin, neomycin
36
rota virus:
LAIV: rotateq: rotarix: schedule: rotarix: 2.4 months rotateq: 2,4,6 mo MUST BEGIN B4 15 WEEKS: do not start if >/15 weeks MUST COMPLETE BY 8 MONTHS, 0 days pt should recieve same brand. if not available and any dose of the series was rotateq, default should be 3 doses CI: LATEX ALLERGY w. roatrix SCID HX OF INTUSSICEPTION (folding of bowel)
37
covid vaccination
recommended in all children and adolescencts >6 mo pfizer and moderna novavaz: >12 years old 3 dose series with 3rd dose being bivalent storage of pfizer: stored in ultracold freezer moderna: cold freezer AE: pain, fever, fatigue and sleepiness, irritability and crying
38
covid vaccine color caps
bivalent for children 12-17. pfizer: grey cap moderna: blue cap/ grey label bivalent for 6-11 years pfizer: orange cap moderna: blue cap grey label bivalent for 6mo-4 years: pfizer: maroon cap moderna: dark pink cap yellow label
39
dehydration in peds
intake of fluid less than loss of fluids
40
causes of dehydration
fever GI losses: viral Gastroenteritis bacterial/parasitic infections DKA etc. sweating/heat/burns polyurica DKA
41
does dehydratin occur more quicikly in neonayes/infants or adults
neonates
42
degree of dehydration: mild percent pulse:BP UO mucose skin tueger
mild: infants: 1-5% older children: 1-3% generally normal SS with decreased UO and slightly dry mucosa moderate: infants: 6-9% 4-6% tachycardia, normal to low bp, little to no output (<1 ml/kg), dry and sukin appearance, thirsty. cool skin severe: infants: >10 (>15% shock) older children>6 %: >9% shock rapid and weak pulse oligouria <<1mL/kg/hr
43
how to calculate severeity of dehydration
preilness weight-illness weight / preillness weight
44
treatment strategies for fluids mild-mod
mild-mod oral rehydratino therapy *50ml/kg over 4 hr mod: 100 ml/kg add 10ml/kg fpr each loose stool/ vomiting
45
trt strategy for severe =
IVF phase 1: intial replacement *IVF bolud 10-20 ml/kg/dose of NS or LR over 30-60 min repeated up to x3 phase 1: miaintenance *first 8 hours: calculate deficit next 16 hours: calculate and provide maintenance rae
46
building an ivf bag
1. sodium: must be included to avoid hyponatremia, sodium shifts: ns 2. dextrose: d5w 3. potassium: standard conc 20meq/L (dont use if concernfor renal impairment) additonal electrolytes: mag, phosphate, calcium negative ions: standard Chloride
47
maintenance rate for IVF
wieght: < 10 kg: 4mL/kg/hr 10-20: 4 ml/kg/hr +2ml/kg/hr >20 kg: 60 ml/hr+1ml/kg/hrx (weight-20kg)
48
outpt trt of gastroenteritis in children
ondansentron: use in pts >6 months of age probiotics: help reestablish normal intestinal flora zinc:replace nutrient defriciency if that were cause: dose expressed in elemental zinc
49
Methods to assess adequate nutrition
Weight Length (or height)
50
failure to thrive
wiehgt for age <5th percentile on multiple occasions
51
breastmilk nutritional content
20kcal/oz breastfeeding recommended w.in first6 mo of life
52
itamin-mineral supplementation
vit. D fluoride: >6 months 0.5mg/day iron: start at 4 months
53
diet of peds:
solids starts 4-6 months of age toddlers: regular diet
54
GER
tratment: nonpharm: supine position, small voluume of food mroe frequently us ehigher caloric density formula
55
GERDS in peds
trial of acid supressin not recommended in dx of GERD TRT: lifestyle modifications pharm: H2RAs: maintnenance for mild gerd ae: tolerance PPIs: maintenance for mild-severe mor pptent: cyp polymorphisms: change sin cyp2c19 and 3a4. more metabolism , so children need more frequent dosing prokinetic agents (metaclopromide etc. antacids prn

Peds and Geriatrics (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions