Week 3

Question 1

Where is the gogli apparatus in a neuron found

Answer 1

cell body

Question 2

where is mitochondria found in a neuron

Answer 2

throughout the whole cell, but mostly in the axon terminal

Question 3

what is the inclusion found in a neuron

Answer 3

lipofuscin

Question 4

Each small axonal branch ends
with a dilation called?

Answer 4

terminal bouton

Question 5

Where are multipolar neurons found

Answer 5

all motor neurons and most CNS interneurons

Question 6

where are bipolar neurons found

Answer 6

sensory neurons of the retina, the olfactory epithelium, and the inner ear

Question 7

where are unipolar neurons found

Answer 7

all sensory neurons except sensory neurons in retina

Question 8

where are Anaxonic neurons found

Answer 8

in certain CNS interneurons

Question 9

what Glial cells are present in CNS

Answer 9

1. Astrocytes
2. Oligodendrocytes
3. Microglia
4. Ependymal cells

Question 10

what Glial cells are present in PNS

Answer 10

1. Schwann cells
2. Satellite cells

Question 11

Function of oligodendrocytes

Answer 11

• myelinate and insulate CNS axons
  (mostly found in white matter)

Question 12

function of astrocyte

Answer 12

• helps form the blood-brain barrier
• regulate interstitial fluid composisition
• support for CNS
• replicates to occupy space of dying neurons

Question 13

2 types of astrocytes

Answer 13

Two types:
1- Fibrous astrocytes:
* With long delicate processes
* Abundant in white matter
2- Protoplasmic astrocytes
* With many shorter processes
* Predominate in the gray matter

Question 14

function of ependymal cell

Answer 14

-lines ventricles of brain and central canal of spinal cord
- assists in the production of CSF

Question 15

characteristics of ependymal cells

Answer 15

-columnar/cuboidal cells
apical ends:
contain cilia and microvilli

basal ends:
no basal lamina
Elongated and extend branching
processes into the adjacent neuropil

Question 16

function of microglia

Answer 16

(evenly distributed in white and gray matter)
major mechanism of
immune defense in the CNS

Question 17

function of Schwann cells

Answer 17

Form myelin sheathes in the
PNS
o Unlike an oligodendrocyte, a
Schwann cell forms myelin
around a portion of only one
axon

Question 18

function of satellite cells

Answer 18

• electrically insulates PNS cell bodies
• regulates nutrients and waste exchange

Question 19

location of white matter

Answer 19

-medulla of brain
- outer part of spinal cord

Question 20

3 layers of the cerebellar cortex

Answer 20

• molecular layer
• purkinje neurons
• granular layer

Question 21

what neurons are found in the anterior and posterior horns located in the gray matter of the spinal cord

Answer 21

anterior:
cell bodies of motor neurons

Question 22

what neurons are found in the anterior and posterior horns located in the gray matter of the spinal cord

Answer 22

anterior:
- cell bodies of motor neurons
- astrocytes

posterior horns:
-neurons which receive sensory fibers
from neurons in the spinal (dorsal
root) ganglia
- Oligodendrocytes

Question 23

what is the central canal of the spinal cord lined with

Answer 23

ependymal cells

Question 24

what does the central canal of the spinal cord contain

Answer 24

CSF

Question 25

what are the three membranes of the white matter in CNS

Answer 25

1- Dura mater 2- Arachnoid mater 3- Pia mater

Question 26

Structural component of the BBB:

Answer 26

1- Capillary endothelium * Occluding junctions * Little or no transcytosis activity * Surrounded by the basement membrane 2- Limiting layer of perivascular astrocytic feet * Envelops the basement membrane of capillaries

Question 27

where is the BBB absent in

Answer 27

- Hypothalamus where plasma components are monitored 2- Posterior pituitary 3- Choroid plexus

Question 28

function of Choroid plexus

Answer 28

CSF production

Question 29

function of CSF

Answer 29

Providing the ions required for CNS neuronal activity o Serving to help absorb mechanical shocks in arachnoid

Question 30

components of PNS

Answer 30

1- Nerves o Cranial nerves o Spinal nerves 2- Ganglia o Sensory Ganglia o Autonomic Ganglia * Sympathetic ganglia * Parasympathetic ganglia

Question 31

features of myelinated fibres

Answer 31

- myelin clift -nodes of ranvier