Week 3

Question 1

Label

Answer 1

Question 2

List the components of PNS

Answer 2

• Sensory: proprioceptors
  −Muscle spindles
  −Gogi tendon organs
• Motor: lower motor neurons
  −Alpha motor neurons
  −Gamma motor neurons

Question 3

Describe motor receptors and their functions

Answer 3

Question 4

List the types the nerve types

Answer 4

A-alpha: Ia & Ib –muscle spindles & GTO

A-beta: II- muscle spindles

A-beta: Joint receptors: paciniform corpuscles and Ruffini’s endings

A-delta: free nerve endings

C: nociceptors

Question 5

Label

Answer 5

Question 6

What are the proprioceptor types? List function and location

Answer 6

Question 7

Label and explain

Answer 7

Question 8

What are the components of muscle spindles?

Answer 8

Question 9

Label and explain

Answer 9

Question 10

What are primary and secondary sensory endings?

Answer 10

Question 11

What do muscle spindles do? Give an example from input of sensation

Answer 11

Question 12

What do muscle spindles regulate? How do they regulate it?

Answer 12

Question 13

Explain

Answer 13

Question 14

Explain alpha gamma co-activation

Answer 14

Question 15

What are the types of gamma motor neurons?

Answer 15

Question 16

What would happen without gamma motor neurons?

Answer 16

• If the gamma motor neurons were not active, the spindle would slacken, and its discharge rate would decrease as the muscle shortened.
• Gamma neuron adjust the sensitivity of the muscle spindle via Ia afferents
• Reinforce alpha motor neuron activity
• Feedback mechanisms

Question 17

List the order of events during alpha gamma co-activation

Answer 17

Question 18

what are GTOs?

Answer 18

Question 19

Give an example of GTO being activated

Answer 19

Question 20

What are the differences between GTOs and muscle spindles during voluntary movement?

Answer 20

Question 21

list an example for all nerve types

Answer 21

Question 22

Describe motor units and motor neuron pools

Answer 22

Question 23

What are the classifications of motor neurons?

Answer 23

Question 24

Explain the neuromuscular junction

Answer 24

Question 25

Describe the structure and function of muscle

Answer 25

Question 26

What are the steps of muscle contraction?

Answer 26

Question 27

Explain the all or none principle

Answer 27

Question 28

How is muscle force controlled?

Answer 28

Question 29

Explain rate coding

Answer 29

Question 30

Explain the size principle

Answer 30

Question 31

What is the difference between small vs large motor neurons?

Answer 31

Question 32

Explain

Answer 32

Control of muscle force – varying number of active MUs and their discharge rates

Question 33

What are the clinical implications if there is dysfunction in 1) voltage gated Ca2+ channel, 2) ACh esterase

Answer 33

Question 34

What are the clinical implications of poliomyelitis (LMN disease)?

Answer 34

Question 35

What are the clinical implications of post polio syndrome?

Answer 35

Question 36

Where are the structures of the PNS located?

Answer 36

Question 37

Describe the spinal and peripheral regions

Answer 37

Question 38

Describe the organization of PNS from spinal portion to periphery?

Answer 38

1) dorsal root (sensory) + ventral root (motor) = spinal nerve 2) goes to dorsal and ventral rami 3) nerve trunks 4) plexus 5) specific nerves

Question 39

Label and explain

Answer 39

Question 40

Describe afferent, efferent, and interneurons

Answer 40

Question 41

What are the basic structural components of the PNS?

Answer 41

Question 42

Label and explain

Answer 42

Question 43

label and explain

Answer 43

Question 44

List the general functions and periphery nerve fiber types

Answer 44

(motor + sensory)

Question 45

what is the relationship between roman numeral and alpha classifications of nerves?

Answer 45

Question 46

List the general functions and sensory nerve fiber types

Answer 46

(sensory only)

Question 47

Explain

Answer 47

* Nerve fibers with different diameters have different conduction velocity * Organization of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord

Question 48

How does movement help nerve health?

Answer 48

Question 49

What happens to axons during movement?

Answer 49