Week 4 (EXAM 1)

Question 1

Describe the organization of the PNS (sensory and motor)

Answer 1

Question 2

Describe the process of sensory input and motor output

Answer 2

Question 3

What are the somatic sensory senses?

Answer 3

Question 4

What are the visceral sensory senses?

Answer 4

Question 5

What are the efferent components of somatic and visceral motor?

Answer 5

Question 6

What are spinal nerves? How do they form?

Answer 6

Question 7

Where does the spinal cord end?

Answer 7

Question 8

List the rami

Answer 8

Question 9

How does a nerve plexus form? How many are there? What are the advantages?

Answer 9

Question 10

Describe the cervical plexus

Answer 10

Question 11

Describe the brachial plexus

Answer 11

Question 12

Describe the lumbar plexus

Answer 12

Question 13

Describe the sacral plexus

Answer 13

Question 14

Which plexus is the musculocutaneous nerve from? What muscles does it innervate? Where is the sensory portion?

Answer 14

Question 15

Which plexus is the median nerve from? What muscles does it innervate? Where is the sensory portion?

Answer 15

Question 16

Which plexus is the ulnar nerve from? What muscles does it innervate? Where is the sensory portion?

Answer 16

Question 17

Which plexus is the radial/axillary nerve from? What muscles does it innervate? Where is the sensory portion?

Answer 17

Question 18

Which plexus is the femoral nerve from? What muscles does it innervate? Where is the sensory portion?

Answer 18

Question 19

Which plexus is the common fibular nerve from? What muscles does it innervate? Where is the sensory portion?

Answer 19

Question 20

Which plexus is the obturator nerve from? What muscles does it innervate? Where is the sensory portion?

Answer 20

Question 21

Which plexus is the tibial nerve from? What muscles does it innervate? Where is the sensory portion?

Answer 21

Question 22

What are the nerve roots, muscle(s), and functions for the thoracodorsal nerve?

Answer 22

latissimus dorsi: Adducts and internally rotates humerus

C6, C7, C8

Question 23

What are the nerve roots, muscle(s), and functions for the subscapular nerve?

Answer 23

subscapularis: Internally rotates humerus

Teres major: internally rotate and adduct humerus

C5, C6, C7

Question 24

What are the nerve roots, muscle(s), and functions for the suprascapular nerve?

Answer 24

supraspinatus: abducts humerus

Infraspinatus: externally rotate humerus

C5, C6

Question 25

What are the nerve roots, muscle(s), and functions for the medial pectoral nerve?

Answer 25

Pec major (sternal head): adducts and medially rotates arm Pec minor: depress scapula and pulls shoulder forward C6, C7, C8, T1

Question 26

What are the nerve roots, muscle(s), and functions for the lateral pectoral nerve?

Answer 26

pec major (clavicular head): pulls shoulder forward C5, C6

Question 27

What are the nerve roots, muscle(s), and functions for the long thoracic nerve?

Answer 27

Serratus anterior: fixes scapula on arm side C5, C6, C7

Question 28

What are the nerve roots, muscle(s), and functions for the dorsal scapular nerve?

Answer 28

rhomboids: draw scapula up and in Levator scapulae: elevates scapula C4, C5

Question 29

What are the nerve roots, muscle(s), and functions for the phrenic nerve?

Answer 29

diaphragm: inspiration C3, C4, C5

Question 30

What are the nerve roots, muscle(s), and functions for the spinal accessory nerve?

Answer 30

trapezius: elevates shoulder/arm and fixes scapula CN XI, C3, C4

Question 31

What are the nerve roots, muscle(s), and functions for the posterior interosseous nerve?

Answer 31

Question 32

What are the nerve roots, muscle(s), and functions for the anterior interosseous nerve?

Answer 32

Question 33

What are the nerve roots, muscle(s), and functions for the sciatic nerve?

Answer 33

Question 34

What are the nerve roots, muscle(s), and functions for the superficial peroneal nerve?

Answer 34

peroneus longus, Peroneus brevis Plantar flexes and everts foot L5, S1

Question 35

What are the nerve roots, muscle(s), and functions for the deep peroneal nerve?

Answer 35

Tibialis anterior: dorsiflexes and everts foot Peroneus tertius: plantar flexes, everts foot Extensor digitorum longus and hallucis longus: extends phalanges and dorsiflexes foot / extends great toe and helps in dorsiflexion L4, L5, S1

Question 36

What are the nerve roots, muscle(s), and functions for the superior gluteal nerve?

Answer 36

gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, TFL Abducts and medially rotates thigh L4, L5, S1

Question 37

What are the nerve roots, muscle(s), and functions for the inferior gluteal nerve?

Answer 37

gluteus maximus: extends, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh L5, S1, S2

Question 38

Label the dermatomes

Answer 38

Question 39

Label the peripheral nerves

Answer 39

Question 40

Explain spinal region vs peripheral nerve lesions

Answer 40

Question 41

List the UE myotomes

Answer 41

UE: * C1/C2: neck flexion/extension * C3: Lateral Neck Flexion * C4: shoulder elevation * C5: Shoulder abduction and external rotation; elbow flexion * C6: Wrist Extension and Elbow flexion * C7: Elbow extension and Wrist flexion * C8: Thumb extension and finger flexion * T1: Finger Abduction & Adduction

Question 42

list the LE myotomes

Answer 42

LE: * L1/L2: Hip Flexion * L3: Knee extension * L4: Ankle dorsi-flexion * L5: Great toe extension * S1: Hip extension/Ankle plantar-flexion/ankle eversion * S2: Knee flexion * S3–S4: anal wink; bladder and rectum motor supply

Question 43

Define radioculopathy

Answer 43

refers to a condition caused by compression, inflammation, or damage to a spinal nerve root as it exits the spinal cord. This can result in pain, weakness, numbness, or tingling sensations radiating along the specific nerve root’s dermatomal or myotomal distribution. Radiculopathy (common for C6, C7, L5, S1 nerve roots) − loss of reflexes and motor strength in a radicular distribution − a burning, tingling pain that radiates or shoots down a limb in the dermatome of the affected nerve root

Question 44

List the weakness, reflex affected, body region with sensory abnormality, disc involved, and approximate percentage amongst all cervical radioculopathies if it affects nerve root of C5

Answer 44

Main weakness: Deltoid, infraspinatus, biceps Reflex decreased: biceps, pectoralis Body region with sensory abnormality: shoulder, upper arm Usual disc involved: C4-5 Percentage: 7%

Question 45

List the weakness, reflex affected, body region with sensory abnormality, disc involved, and approximate percentage amongst all cervical radioculopathies if it affects nerve root of C6

Answer 45

Main weakness: wrist extensors, biceps Reflex decreased: biceps, brachioradialis Body region with sensory abnormality: first and second fingers, lateral forearm Usual disc involved: C5-6 Percentage: 18%

Question 46

List the weakness, reflex affected, body region with sensory abnormality, disc involved, and approximate percentage amongst all cervical radioculopathies if it affects nerve root of C7

Answer 46

Main weakness: Triceps Reflex decreased: triceps Body region with sensory abnormality: third fingers Usual disc involved: C6-7 Percentage: 46%

Question 47

List the weakness, reflex affected, body region with sensory abnormality, disc involved, and approximate percentage amongst all lumbosacral radioculopathies if it affects nerve root of L4

Answer 47

Main weakness: illiopsoas, quads Reflex decreased: patellar tendon (knee jerk) Body region with sensory abnormality: knee, medial lower leg Usual disc involved: L3-4 Percentage: 3-10%

Question 48

List the weakness, reflex affected, body region with sensory abnormality, disc involved, and approximate percentage amongst all lumbosacral radioculopathies if it affects nerve root of L5

Answer 48

Main weakness: foot dorsiflexion, big toe extension, foot eversion, inversion Reflex decreased: none Body region with sensory abnormality: dorsum of foot, big toe Usual disc involved: L4-5 Percentage: 40-45%

Question 49

List the weakness, reflex affected, body region with sensory abnormality, disc involved, and approximate percentage amongst all lumbosacral radioculopathies if it affects nerve root of S1

Answer 49

Main weakness: foot plantar flexion Reflex decreased: achilles tendon (ankle jerk) Body region with sensory abnormality: lateral foot, small toe, sole Usual disc involved: L5-S1 Percentage: 45-50%

Question 50

What are the causes of injury to peripheral nerves?

Answer 50

Question 51

What are the types of peripheral neuropathies?

Answer 51

Question 52

What are the classifications of neuropathies?

Answer 52

Question 53

What are the steps of traumatic myelinopathy?

Answer 53

Question 54

Describe mononeuropathy and provide example conditions

Answer 54

Question 55

Describe polyneuropathy

Answer 55

Question 56

What is an example condition of demyelination

Answer 56

Question 57

Describe diabetic polyneuropathy

Answer 57

Question 58

List the pathology, etiology, speed of onset, signs & symptoms, sensory and autonomic effects of diabetic polyneuropathy

Answer 58

Question 59

List the motor, cranial nerves, region affected, demographics, and prognosis for diabetic polyneuropathy

Answer 59

Question 60

Describe the tiers of structural involvement in a PNS injury

Answer 60

Question 61

What are the clinical signs for peripheral neuropathy? How do you gather evidence it?

Answer 61

Question 62

What are the signs and symptoms of mononeuropathy?

Answer 62

Question 63

What do clinical tests assess in peripheral neuropathy?

Answer 63

Question 64

How does a nerve conduction test differ in neurapraxia vs axontmesis?

Answer 64

Question 65

Describe peripheral vs central nervous system dysfunction

Answer 65

Question 66

What is the treatment process for a peripheral neuropathy?

Answer 66