week 3 Flashcards
(14 cards)
Multiregional Model
Humans evolved in different places at the same time from Homo erectus
Out of Africa model
Modern humans evolved in Africa and then spread worldwide, replacing other human species.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
DNA from the mother, found in mitochondria
Mitochondrial Eve
The oldest shared mother of all humans, traced through mtDNA, lived in Africa ~170,000 years ago.
maternal inheritance
The process by which genetic material (like mitochondrial DNA) is passed down from the mother to the offspring.
Haplotypes
A group of genes that are inherited together from one parent.
Haplogroups
A group of people who share a common ancestor, based on similar haplotypes (genetic markers).
Identical ancestors point
Most recent person who was an ancestor of everyone alive today
Lewontin (1972)
Used 17 genetic markers (e.g. blood type) from 7 racialized groups
85% of variation within groups, 8% between populations, only 6% between racialized groups
Genetic variation within racialized groups is greater than variation between them
Herbet Spencer
created the phrase, surivival of the fittest
supported social darwinism
Social Darwinism
The idea that natural selection applies to human society, where the strongest and most successful people or groups survive and thrive.
Eugenics
The belief in improving the human population by controlling breeding to increase “desirable” traits and reduce “undesirable” ones
Galton was concerned that the lower classes were reproducing at higher rates than upper class elites
introgression
The mixing of genes between different species through interbreeding.
Island Dwarfism
A process where species isolated on islands evolve smaller body sizes due to limited resources.
