Week 3 Flashcards
(12 cards)
What are social determinants of health (SDoH)?
Social determinants of health (SDoH) are the non-medical factors that influence health outcomes. These include economic policies, social norms, social policies, education, income, housing, and other socio-ecological factors that shape the conditions in which people live, grow, work, and age.
How do SDoH impact health outcomes according to the World Health Organization (WHO)?
SDoH impact health outcomes by affecting the conditions of daily life, including factors like education, income, employment, housing, and social support. These factors contribute significantly to health disparities and outcomes, with WHO noting that SDoH may account for 30-55% of health outcomes.
List some examples of social determinants of health (SDoH) as identified by the WHO.
- Income and social protection
- Education
- Unemployment and job insecurity
- Working life conditions
- Food insecurity
- Housing, basic amenities, and environment
- Early childhood development
- Social inclusion and non-discrimination
- Structural conflict
- Access to affordable health services of decent quality
How are SDoH connected to the concept of health equity?
SDoH are deeply linked to health equity as they directly contribute to unequal health outcomes. Pursuing health equity means addressing the social conditions that place some populations at greater risk of poor health, ensuring that everyone has access to the highest possible standard of health.
What is the role of education as a social determinant of health?
Education influences health outcomes by affecting an individual’s employment opportunities, income level, and access to healthcare. Higher education is linked to better health literacy, healthier lifestyles, and improved long-term health outcomes.
What are the mechanisms and effects of income as a social determinant of health
Income influences health by determining access to resources such as housing, food, healthcare, and education. People with lower income may face higher stress levels, poor nutrition, and limited access to preventive care, which can result in higher rates of chronic illness and lower life expectancy.
How does housing impact health outcomes?
Housing impacts health outcomes by affecting access to safe living environments, adequate sanitation, and protection from environmental hazards. Poor housing conditions, overcrowding, or housing insecurity can lead to physical and mental health problems such as respiratory diseases, stress, and depression.
What is the importance of the WHO definition of social determinants of health?
The WHO defines social determinants of health as the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age, shaped by economic, political, and social systems. This broad view underscores the complexity of health and the need to address systemic factors in promoting better health outcomes globally.
What evidence supports the influence of SDoH on health outcomes in Australia?
Australia has several studies, such as the Australian Burden of Disease Study (ABDS) and the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey, which provide longitudinal data linking SDoH, such as income, education, and housing, to health outcomes. These studies show how socio-economic factors affect public health at both individual and population levels.
How do longitudinal studies contribute to understanding the effects of SDoH?
Longitudinal studies, such as the HILDA Survey and the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health, track individuals over time to gather data on socio-economic factors and their long-term impact on health. These studies help identify patterns, risks, and correlations between SDoH and health outcomes, providing robust evidence for public health interventions.
How do social determinants of health relate to the health experiences of Indigenous Australians?
Indigenous Australians face unique health challenges due to the compounded effects of social determinants like lower income, limited access to education, and discrimination. These factors contribute to poorer health outcomes compared to non-Indigenous populations, highlighting the need for targeted health interventions that address these disparities.
How can SDoH be addressed to improve population health?
To improve population health, policies must focus on reducing inequalities in SDoH by improving access to quality education, healthcare, affordable housing, and employment. Addressing these root causes of health problems can help prevent diseases, reduce health disparities, and promote overall well-being in society.
