Week 3

Question 1

What age group commonly requires further caution when administering drugs

Answer 1

• Pregnant and breast feeding
• Young and elder
• Any age with chronic health issues

Question 2

Which pharmacokinetic elements change during pregnancy

Answer 2

-Metabolic rates

Question 3

Which period of pregnancy is considered at highest risk for teratogenic exposure/consequence

Answer 3

-Embryonic period: week 3-8

Question 4

Which FDA category of drug poses the lowest risk when consumed by a pregnant woman

Answer 4

-Cat A

Question 5

Teratogen

Answer 5

-Substance, organism, or physical agent to which a fetus is exposed that causes permanent abnormality, retardation, or death

Question 6

Prego periods

Answer 6

• Pre-implantation period: weeks 1-2
• Embryonic period: weeks 3-8
• Fetal period: weeks 9-40

Question 7

How are medication doses commonly calculated

Answer 7

by weight in kg/mg

Question 8

Where is a consistent area to inject medications in the pediatric population

Answer 8

vastus Lateralis in the thigh

Question 9

Which age group is known for polypharmacy

Answer 9

older adults

Question 10

Describe some important nursing teaching interventions for the older adult group

Answer 10

Make sure they understand how to take their medications

Question 11

What are 2 types of immune modulators?

Answer 11

Stimulator

Suppressor

Question 12

Give an example of a medication that provides active immunity

Answer 12

Vaccinations

Question 13

Which vaccine type deserves “extra” caution when administering

Answer 13

Live vaccines

Question 14

What are 2 types of biologically developed cytokines

Answer 14

Interferons, Interleukins

Question 15

Why are immunosuppressants given

Answer 15

To suppress the immune system so that it doesn’t attack a foreign substance (organ transplant)

Question 16

When taking Cyclosporine what specific nursing advice should be given

Answer 16

Avoid drinking grapefruit juice

Question 17

What is inflammation

Answer 17

Non-specific defense with a goal of containing injury or destroying invading pathogen

Question 18

Name 2 classes of anti-inflammatory drugs

Answer 18

NSAIDs

Glucocorticoids

Question 19

What is the common mechanism of action for these drugs

Answer 19

Prevent prostaglandins (pain messages)

Question 20

What is the FDA black box warning for IBU

Answer 20

Contraindicated in use for treatment of preoperative pain in the setting of coronary artery bypass graft surgery due to potential for stroke or MI

Question 21

Prednisone should only be taken for a short term duration, why

Answer 21

With long term use it has a lot of side effects. The adrenal gland stops producing glucocorticoid and requires taper

Question 22

Which NSAID can cause Reye’s syndrome in the pediatric population

Answer 22

Aspirin

Question 23

Is Tylenol considered an NSAID

Answer 23

No, Tylenol is used to treat fever and pain not inflammation

Question 24

Name 1 cause for bacterial mutation

Answer 24

• Not taking the medication as directed
• Taking it for the wrong disease or infection
• Partial tx
• Nosocomial infections

Question 25

Which class of drugs has the highest allergenicity

Answer 25

Penicillins

Question 26

Which class of drugs is commonly associated with ototoxicity

Answer 26

Aminoglycosides

Question 27

Why are patients often non-compliant with tx of TB

Answer 27

With TB there aren’t many symptoms if it is latent so but with the medication it can have serious side effects so patients would rather go without the side effects