Week 3

Question 1

elastin

Answer 1

springy protein found in connective tissue along with collagen. provides elasticity. (gets eroded in ppl w/ aneurysms)

Question 2

collagen

Answer 2

protein fiber found throughout body. found with elastin. provides strength and cushioning to many areas including skin. (cartillage, tendons, bones, ligaments)

Question 3

laminated thrombus

Answer 3

thrombus formed gradually by blood clotting in layers

Question 4

mural thrombus

Answer 4

thrombus in artery adhere to wall of a blood vessel. occur in large vessels as heart & aorta. restrict blood flow - do not block entirely

Question 5

marfans disease

Answer 5

genetic disorder that affects the body’s connective tissues. affects -blood vessels, bones & joints. aortic enlargement

Question 6

ehlers-danlos type 4 disease

Answer 6

inherited connective tissue disorder - can have aneurysms in all vessels of body

Question 7

mycotic aneurysm

Answer 7

infection in artery can weaken wall & aneurysm can occur. (staph, strep, salmonella)

Question 8

post stenotic dilatation

Answer 8

after narrowing in artery, downstream artery dilates. (partial narrowing of arteries produces poststenotic dilatation

Question 9

(CMN) cystic medical necrosis

Answer 9

breakdown or damage of connective tissue such as- muscle, collagen, and elastin of large arteries throughout body. most common aorta

Question 10

cervical rib

Answer 10

extra rib arises from 7th cervical vertebra. known as “neck ribs”. located above first rib

Question 11

suprarenal

Answer 11

located above or on the kidney

Question 12

juxtarenal

Answer 12

refers to am aneurism located right next to renal arteries

Question 13

infrarenal

Answer 13

below the kidney

Question 14

contrast

Answer 14

special dye used in CT scans (usually iodine). used to highlight areas of body being examined. looks white on images - helps emphasize vessels

Question 15

thoracoabdominal

Answer 15

relating to involving or affecting thorax and abdomen

Question 16

stent graft

Answer 16

aneurysm repair. uses endovascular stent graft to reinforce wall of aorta & to keep damaged area from rupturing

Question 17

ligamentum arteriosum

Answer 17

arterial ligament - refers to small ligament that connects superior surface of proximal descending aorta with the left pulmonary artery. (forms 3rd week after birth)

Question 18

true lumen

Answer 18

normal passageway for blood

Question 19

false lumen

Answer 19

new passageway - happens when there is a tear of intima. allows blood to leak into media. creates 2 passages for blood

Question 20

Stanford classification type A

Answer 20

ascending aorta (life threatening. may dissect aortic valve or rupture into pericardium) surgical repair needed

Question 21

Stanford classification type B

Answer 21

descending aorta- less life threatening. occludes branches, paraplegia, renal failure, bowel death, leg ischemia. managed medically

Question 22

paraplegia

Answer 22

paralysis of legs and lower body typically caused by spinal injury or disease

Question 23

pericardium

Answer 23

membrane enclosing the heart. consists of - outer fibrous layer & inner double layer of serous membrane

Question 24

aortic valve

Answer 24

valve in heart between left ventricle & aorta.

Question 25

ectasia

Answer 25

expansion of a hollow or tubular organ. either normal or pathophysiologic

Question 26

3 layers of artery wall

Answer 26

1. tunica intima- inner (smooth endothelial cells, elastic membrane) 2. tunica media - middle (thicker in arteries than veins. smooth muscle & elastic fibres) 3. tunica adventitia- strong outer covering (connective tissues collagen & elastic fibres)

Question 27

aneurysm

Answer 27

excessive localized enlargement of an artery caused by weakening of artery wall

Question 28

ruptured AAA

Answer 28

50% die before ER. 50% die after ER arrival

Question 29

gortex

Answer 29

material used to replace natural body tissues. can be used as a stent to repair vessel

Question 30

where do dissections commonly occur?

Answer 30

aorta carotid artery. vertebral artery

Question 31

risk factors for atherosclerosis

Answer 31

high cholesterol. smoking. hereditary. diabetes. lack of exercise

Question 32

bifurcation

Answer 32

location where a vessel splits

Question 33

CAT

Answer 33

computerized axial tomagraph

Question 34

open aneurism repair

Answer 34

dr. makes large incision in patients abdomen to expose aorta, then graft can be used to repair aneurysm

Question 35

closed aneurism repair

Answer 35

dr. makes insicion in the groin and uses a balloon to go through a vessel and places a stent at the aneurysm

Question 36

what percent of aortic aneurysms are infrarenal?

Answer 36

95%

Question 37

what percent of aneurysms are atherosclerotic?

Answer 37

95%

Question 38

reentry point

Answer 38

most distal intimal tear in a dissecting aortic aneurysm where blood is thought to return to circulation

Question 39

presenting symptom of aortic dissection?

Answer 39

sudden onset of severe chest pain. (location of pain may indicate where dissection arises). caused by dissection interrupting flow to coronary arteries=myocardial ischemia

Question 40

presenting symptom of ruptured AAA?

Answer 40

abdominal or back pain with pulsatile abdominal mass. may include: groin pain, syncope, paralysis, temp. loss of consciousness & flank mass.

Question 41

what percent of AAA in men?

Answer 41

80%

Question 42

what percent of TAA in men?

Answer 42

50%

Question 43

what percent of POP aneurysm in men?

Answer 43

99%

Question 44

what percent femoral aneurysm in men?

Answer 44

99%

Question 45

what percent aortic dissection in men?

Answer 45

65%

Question 46

most common aneurysm location

Answer 46

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)

Question 47

2nd most common aneurysm location

Answer 47

popliteal

Question 48

AAA

Answer 48

An enlargement of the aorta at the level of the abdomen.