Week 3 Flashcards
(63 cards)
Give the generalised structure of the liver
Composed of lobules with a central vein and interlobular portal triads containing hepatic vein, bilary duct, and hepatic artery.
Has four lobes; right, left, caudal and quadrate
Describe what vessels join to eventually form the common bile duct
Right and left hepatic ducts join to form the common hepatic duct. The cystic duct then joins to the common hepatic duct to give the common bile duct
What are the four parts of the pancreas? It is intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?
Head, neck, body and tail
Retroperitoneal
What type of imaging is used to investigate occlusions within the biliary tree?
ERCP
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
What are the two functions of the pancreas?
Endocrine; insulin and glucagon secreted from islet cells
Exocrine; digestive enzymes like amylase from acinar cells
Where does pancreatic pain usually present?
Epigastric region
Umbilical region
Where does dudenal ulcer pain usually present?
Epigastric region
The jejunum has a deep red colour, it is thicker and heavier than the ileum and has less vasculature. True or false?
False;
deep red colour, it is thicker and heavier than the ileum and has MORE vasculature (to allow more absorption)
The ileum has low and sparse folds. True or false?
True
What is the name for the mucosal folds in the jejunum?
Plicae circularis
What is the vertebral level of the superior mesenteric artery
L1
Where does the jejunum and ileum venous blood drain into?
The jejunal and ileal veins, then into the superior mesenteric veins then hepatic portal vein
What are the lymph nodes around the coeliac trunk called?
Celiac nodes
How many units have to be consumed in a day to refer it as binge drinking?
8 units
What type of diet predisposes you to oral cancer?>
Low in vitamin A and C
Low iron leading to atrophy of mucosal membranes
What type of infections predispose you to oral cancer?
HPV (an sti)
Candida (yeast infection)
When looking at a patient with oral cancer, what signs may you see?
Granular surface texture Red bumpy surface White/ yellow patches (erythroleukoplasia) Ulceration Fractured mandible
Patient presents with dysphagia, hoarse voice, a droopy eye lid, double vision and an unexplained pain in the top of the neck. Diagnosis?
Oral cancer
What is periodontal disease?
Infections of structures around the teeth including the gums
Describe the 4 progressive stages of periodontal disease
Gingivitis; inflammation of gums
Gingivitis and mild periodontitis; destruction of supporting bone and ligaments causing pocketing
Gingivitis and moderate periodontitis; more destruction of bone and deepening of pockets
Gingivitis, severe periodontitis, recession; severe destruction of bone (teeth), ligament, leading to tooth mobility and teeth loss
What equipment can you use to stage periodontal disease?
Beasic periodontal examination
Aka. A stick with bands on it to see how far the gum has receeded or how deep the cavity. If can stick probe more than 3mm into gum then problems
What are the possible treatments for periodontal disease?
Increase oral hygiene Stop smoking Scaling and root planning Surgery Long term maintenance Extraction
What can you use an endoscope to treat?
Variceal bleeding; by banding or sclerosant (a glue with fibrin)
Arterial bleeding; using clips
Angiodysplasia (lesion on colon); argon plasma coagulation or radio frequency ablation
Mucosal resections (banding then resection)
Removal of intraluminal objects (gallstones)
Insertion of nutritional tubes e.g PEG, PEJ, naso-jejunal tube
Give examples of conditions that an endoscope is used to diagnose for
Oesophagitis, gastritis, coeliac disease, crohns, ulcerative colitis, sclerosing cholangitis (Associated with UC), mallory-weiss tears, varices
