Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

GI JC > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the sacculation on the large intestine referred as?

A

Haustra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the marginal artery of drummond formed from? Why is it important?

A

Formed from anastamoses of SMA and IMA. Prevents ischaemia of large bowel if an artery becomes occluded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the most likely place to get a volvulus?

A

Sigmoid colon due to its hypermobility. This can cause infarction and is when the mesentery twists on itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the main difference between the anatomy of the arterial supply in the jejunum and ileum?

A

Jejunum; larger vasa rectae (straight arteries in mesentery, larger but fewer arcades

Ileum; smaller vasa rectae, smaller but more arcades

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the blood supply to the appendix?

A

Appendicular artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the vertebral level of the coeliac trunk?

A

T12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the vertebral level of the SMA?

A

L1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the vertebral level of the IMA?

A

L3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What organs does the coeliac trunk supply?

A

Foregut organs

Oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, 1/2 pancreas, liver, gall bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What organs does the SMA supply?

A

Jejunum, ileum, caecum, appendix, ascending colon, hepatic flexure, transverse colon

Mid gut organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What organs does the IMA supply?

A

Hindgut organs

Rectum, upper anal canal and urogenital sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the blood supply to the kidneys and adrenal glands?

A

Lumbar arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the vertebral level of the abdominal bifurcation?

A

L4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What veins combine to form the hepatic vein?

A

Superior and inferior mesenteric veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some potential presentations of portal hypertension>

A 
Oesophageal varices 
Rectal varices 
Caput medusae (snake veins on the stomach)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the most common polyp type found in the colorectal region?

A

Pedunculated polyp (mushroom on a stalk)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

If find polyps within the GI tract they are left alone because theyre harmless. True or false?

A

FALSE

All have dysplastic growth and are precursors for adenocarcinoma. So should be removed endoscopically/ surgically.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is Duke’s staging? Different types of stages?

A

Staging for polypoid carcinoma

A; confind to muscularis propria (mucosa)

B; through muscularis propira

C. Metastic to nodes through all walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Man presents with blood loss in stool and altered bowel habit including constipation and diarrhoea. Is this right or left sided polypoid carcinoma?

A

Left sided as blood is more likely to be seen in left sided

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What investigation is required if you suspect bowel cancer?

A

Colonoscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Contractions of what smooth muscles causes the formation of haustra?

A

Taeniae coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

In the large intestine what do the goblet cells secrete? What are their functions?

A

Glycosaminoglycans ( a slippery gel)

Trefoil proteins (host defence)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the function of aldosterone?

A

Stimulates sodium absorption in the intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the function of haustra?

A

Contained in the ascending colon, They move the stool backwards to the ileum in order to increase the transit time for the absorption of water BUT this is overrided by MMC.

25
Why can the squating position assist defecation?
As it straightens the anorectal angle allowing easier passage
26
What are the physiological effects of faecaes into the rectum?
Rectum contracts its smooth muscle Internal anal sphincter in response to stretch receptors will relax External anal sphincter (IF WANTED) will relax or contract
27
Young child presents with an inability to pass stool particularly an issue with the large intestine. What condition?
Hirchsprung disease Abnormal of colon where enteric nervous system isn’t developed properly so peristalsis doesnt work
28
What is the treatment for constipation? How does this work?
Laxatives Work by incresign peristalysis or making stool easier to pas by lubrication of softening them
29
Man 58years presents with lower left side intermittent abdominal pain, it is worse after eating, he feels bloated, constipated. He states he has a low fibre western diet. Diagnosis?
Diverticular disease
30
What does the faecal calprotein test identify?
Used to differentiate between IBD and IBS. If it is positive then IBD, it is a excretion from WBC during inflammation
31
What is pseudomembranous colitis? What is it caused by?
Swelling or inflammation of the large intestine due to an overgrowth of clostridium difficile.
32
Man of 60 presents with watery diarrhoea, he is on NSAIDS and smokes. On endoscope he has normal bowel. What type of colitis does he have?
Microscopic colitis. Due to inflammation of the bowel lining
33
Women presents with diarrhoea, you do a stool sample and it is positive for shigella. What type of colitis is present?
Infective colitis
34
Man presents with abdominal pain rated as a 9, has food fear due to pain after eating, is acidotic, and lactate is elevated. There are no clinical examination findings. Diagnosis?
Mesenteric ischaemia due to embolism. IF PAIN DOESNT MATCH EXAMINATION THEN EMBOLISM
35
What is McBurney’s point?
1/3 between anterior superior iliac spine and the umbilicus. Most painful point in appendicitis
36
Young female presents with pain that originated in the midgut (umbilical level) but now is localised to the RIF and is excruciating. They are nauseas and vomiting, have rebound pain and an elevated temperature. Diagnosis?
Appendicitis
37
What is henoch-scholein purpura
Inflammation of small blood vessels in children causing leakiness of the vessels. Particularly in the skin, intestine and kidneys,
38
What is the function of the levator ani muscles? Innervation including vertebral levels
Supports the pelvic organs and helps to control urinary excretion Pudendal nerve S2,3,4 keeps the guts off the floor. It is a branch of the Sacral plexus
39
What 3 muscles make the levator ani?
Pubic rectalis Pubococcygeus Illiococcygeus
40
What are haemorrhoids?
When plexus in rectum dilates due to raised pressure from constipation or pregnancy
41
External haemorrhoids are less painful than internal haemorrhoids. True or false
FALSE More painful due to being supplied by somatic nerve fibres
42
What is the anatomical significance of the pectinate line? Where is it?
Within the rectum A zig-zagged line where everything above it is derived from endoderm and everything below from ectoderm. Also at this point, drainage, nerve supply, arterial supply, venous drainage changes
43
What is the lymphatic drainage superior to the pectinate line?
Inferior mesenteric nodes (internal iliac nodes)
44
What is the lymphatic drainage inferior to the pectinate line?
Superficial inguinal nodes
45
What is the basic rule regarding the pectinate lines innervation arterial supply blah blah?
Superior is more internal anal canal so autonomic, IMA, hepatic portal vein. Hence more GI orientated Inferior is more external so somatic/ pudendal, internal iliac artery, superficial inguinal nodes. Hence more general orientated
46
What are the 4 C antibiotics that cause C. Difficile infection?
co-amoxiclav, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin and cefuroxime.
47
What bacteria can cause HUS? What is it?
E. Coli Haemolytic ureamic syndrome. Causing haemolytic anaemia, acute kidney failure, low platelet count
48
Treatment for HUS?
Supportive as antibiotics and steroids will precipitate. So IV fluids, blood transfusions, dialysis for kidney failure
49
What is an inoculum?
Amount of bug required to get infection in 50% of people
50
What are some common pathogenic causes of gastroenteritis?
``` C.diff Listeria Shigella Ecoli Cholera Norovirus Rotavirus Salmonella Staph aureus H. Pylori ```
51
Type 1 diabetic presents with gastroenteritis, he keeps reptiles. What is the likely organsim
Salmonella
52
What pathogen is common in poultry and dairy, gives bloody diarrhoea and fever, has 16-48 hour incubation period?
Campylobacter
53
What is the treatment for campylobacter infection ?
Macrolides e.g clarythromycin
54
What is the treatment for norovirus and rotavirus?
Supporting, test for using PCR, self limiting
55
How would you treat pseudomonas aeruginosa?
Ciprofloxacin
56
Patient is allergic to penicillins like amoxicillin. What is an alternative antibiotic?
Doxycycline
57
Female presents with gall stones and an itch without a rash. What is your treatment?
Ursodeoxycholic acid
58
What is the treatment for pseudomembraneous colitis?
Metronidazole if non-severe Vancomycin + metronidazole if severe Both for 10 days

GI JC (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions