Week 3

Question 1

Conceptualization, operationalization and measurement occur in what stage of the research wheel?

Answer 1

In between the hypothesis and observation sections (for quantitative at least)

Question 2

process of assigning numbers or labels to units of analysis in order to represent conceptual properties

Answer 2

measurement

Question 3

What are the three components of the measurement process?

Answer 3

Theoretical –> conceptual –> empirical/operational

Question 4

To translate the theoretical and conceptual knowledge into the empirical world, ________/______ becomes necessary.

Answer 4

measurement/observation

Question 5

• The mental process of developing clear and precise meaning for abstract ideas or concepts

Answer 5

conceptualization

Question 6

Also called the thinking process

Answer 6

conceptualization

Question 7

When conceptualization turns into a specific definition, we get what?

Answer 7

a conceptual definition

Question 8

• Providing a specific and tentative definition for an abstract idea or concept

Answer 8

conceptual definition

Question 9

What are the ways in which one develops a conceptual definition?

Answer 9

Consultation with the existing research

Tailoring your concept to fit your research interest

Question 10

Linking abstract concepts to specific measurements

Answer 10

operationalization

Question 11

What are the two types of measures?

Answer 11

Direct observables

Indirect observables

Question 12

things we can observe rather simply and directly

Answer 12

direct observables

Question 13

things that require more subtle, complex, or indirect observations

Answer 13

indirect obesrvables

Question 14

Require concrete indicators that help us to observe

Answer 14

indirect observables

Question 15

Describe the differences between quantitative and qualitative measurement in the following:
Timing

Answer 15

Quantitative: occurs before data collected
Qualitative: occurs during the data collection

Question 16

Describe the differences between quantitative and qualitative measurement in the following:
Nature of data

Answer 16

Quantitative: numeric labels
Qualitative: narratives

Question 17

Describe the differences between quantitative and qualitative measurement in the following:
Concept-data link

Answer 17

Quantitative: bridging concepts and data
Qualitative: measuring concepts in the data collection process

Question 18

Variables that have a relatively fixed set of separate attributes

Answer 18

discrete variables

Question 19

Variables that have an infinite number of values that flow along a continuum

Answer 19

continuous variables

Question 20

What is the purpose of levels of measurement?

Answer 20

Helps us interpret the data of a particular variable

Question 21

A variable whose attributes only have the characteristics of being jointly exhaustive and mutually exclusive, that is, the attributes are merely different from each other

Answer 21

Nominal

Question 22

A variable with attributes or categories you can rank order along some dimension

Answer 22

Ordinal

Question 23

A variable whose attributes are rank ordered, and have equal distances between adjacent attributes, but have no true zero value

Answer 23

Interval

Question 24

A variable whose attributes are rank ordered and have equal distances between adjacent attributes, but have a true zero value

Answer 24

Ratio

Question 25

``` For the following examples, describe what type of variable(s) applies. A - Sexual orientation B - Level of stress C - Type of communicable disease D - Frequency of alcohol consumption E - Age of immigrant's arrival F - Number of patients in ICU ```

Answer 25

``` A - nominal B - ordinal C - nominal D - ordinal, ratio E - ratio F - ratio ```

Question 26

What is the only interval measurement?

Answer 26

temperature

Question 27

Condense the data generated by multiple indicators into a single number/score

Answer 27

Indices

Question 28

An ordinal, interval, or ratio measure of a variable expressed as a numerical score

Answer 28

Scales

Question 29

the dependability or the measure of a variable consistency

Answer 29

reliability

Question 30

goodness of fit between an operational definition and the concept it is intended to measure

Answer 30

validity

Question 31

Whether the measure appears to be valid ‘on its face’

Answer 31

Face validity

Question 32

o The degree to which a measure covers the range of meanings included within a concept

Answer 32

content validity

Question 33

The degree to which a measure relates with some external criterion

Answer 33

Criterion validity

Question 34

The degree to which a measure relates to other variables as expected within a system of theoretical relationships Consult with experts and previous research to see what has been done to measure the abstract concepts

Answer 34

Construct validity

Question 35

The type of validity we tend to use in research.

Answer 35

construct validity

Question 36

Name the validity type based on the description: A - often used in licensing contexts B - used in research context – find relevant indicators to measure something more abstract C - least valid, comes with measurement error

Answer 36

A - criterion validity B - construct validity C - face validity

Question 37

causal relationship between variables (validity type)

Answer 37

Internal validity

Question 38

able to generalize relationships to settings outside controlled conditions – can generalize relationships from the sample to the general population

Answer 38

external validity

Question 39

Measurement begins with _______, the clarification of the meaning of a concept, and ends with ________, a procedure detailing the observational categories or values represent the concept

Answer 39

conceptualization | operationalization

Question 40

Describe the flow from theoretical to measurement

Answer 40

Theoretical --> conceptualization --> conceptual definition --> operationalization --> measurement