Week 3 Assigned Reading Flashcards
(40 cards)
In New Zealand, what percentage of Pacific Island children under 17 were assessed as highly deprived?
a) 15%
b) 39%
c) 51%
d) 61%
c) 51%
“Using a questionnaire of ‘things that a family had to do without’ to measure deprivation, 51% of Pacific Island children under the age of 17 were assessed as highly deprived.”
Which of the following factors was found to be more important in determining obesity among Pacific Island adolescents?
a) Cultural factors
b) Socio-environmental factors associated with poverty
c) Genetic factors
d) Educational factors
b) Socio-environmental factors associated with poverty
“A study of almost 2500 Pacific Island adolescents as part of the Obesity Prevention in Communities (OPIC) project found socio-environmental factors associated with poverty were more important than cultural factors in determining whether a Pacific student was obese or not.”
According to the reading, how does the cost per megajoule of potato chips compare to that of carrots?
a) Potato chips cost more per megajoule
b) Carrots cost more per megajoule
c) They cost the same per megajoule
d) The reading doesn’t provide this information
b) Carrots cost more per megajoule
“A recent estimate from the US puts the cost per megajoule for potato chips at 20 cents, while the cost for carrots is 95 cents.”
What was the effect of a 10% tax on soft drinks in Mexico after 12 months?
a) Sales fell by 6% overall
b) Sales fell by 9% in low-income families
c) Sales increased by 6% overall
d) Both a and b
d) Both a and b
“After 12 months of a 10% tax, sales fell by 6% overall and by 9% in low-income families.”
In Latner and Stunkard’s study, how did children rank the obese child in terms of desirability as a friend?
a) Most favoured
b) Second most favoured
c) Second least favoured
d) Least favoured
d) Least favoured
“In both 1961 and 2001 the child with no remarkable features was the most favoured friend and the obese child was the least favoured.”
How did the spread between the top-ranked and bottom-ranked child change between 1961 and 2001 in Latner and Stunkard’s study?
a) It decreased
b) It increased
c) It remained the same
d) The study doesn’t provide this information
b) It increased
“Between 1961 and 2001 the middle order of the disfigured and disabled children changed somewhat but the spread between the top-ranked child and bottom-ranked actually increased over that time.”
According to the reading, which of the following groups tends to show the strongest bias against obese individuals?
a) The general public
b) Employers
c) Health professionals working in weight management
d) Children
c) Health professionals working in weight management
“Appallingly, health professionals—especially those who work in the field of weight management—are among the worst offenders.”
What was the outcome when a stigmatizing approach was initially taken towards the AIDS epidemic?
a) It was successful in reducing infection rates
b) It led to increased engagement with health programs
c) Those at risk of infection went into hiding
d) It had no significant impact
c) Those at risk of infection went into hiding
“It was a disaster. The public panicked, those at risk of infection went into hiding and engagement with programmes to reduce infection was low.”
Which of the following approaches does the author advocate for addressing obesity?
a) Denormalisation
b) Destigmatisation
c) Increased individual responsibility
d) Stricter workplace regulations
b) Destigmatisation
“It’s essential that we adopt a strategy of destigmatisation in our public health approach to obesity.”
According to the reading, which of the following has a low potential for stigmatisation in addressing obesity?
a) Workplace weight loss programs
b) Health education in schools
c) Taxation on unhealthy foods
d) Weight loss programs in primary care
c) Taxation on unhealthy foods
“…environmental solutions such as taxation or restrictions on the placement of fast food restaurants have a low potential for stigmatisation…”
In the US study mentioned, how much less did severely obese men earn compared to average?
a) 3.5%
b) 9%
c) 19.6%
d) 25%
c) 19.6%
“…with severely obese men earning 19.6% less than average…”
What percentage of overweight and obese women reported experiencing weight stigma from colleagues or co-workers?
a) 43%
b) 54%
c) 65%
d) 86%
b) 54%
“A survey of overweight and obese women found that 54% reported weight stigma from colleagues or co-workers…”
At what age did a study find that 86% of children expressed an aversion to photographs of overweight children?
a) Kindergarten age
b) Elementary school age
c) Middle school age
d) High school age
a) Kindergarten age
“Sadly this prejudice develops very early. In an experiment with kindergarten-aged children 86% expressed an aversion to photographs of overweight children.”
According to the reading, what is at the core of anti-obesity prejudice?
a) Cultural norms
b) Media influence
c) Belief that individuals can control their weight
d) Lack of education about obesity
c) Belief that individuals can control their weight
“At the core of anti-obesity prejudice is the belief that individuals can control their weight, and that obese people choose not to.”
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a potential environmental solution to obesity with low stigmatization potential?
a) Taxation on unhealthy foods
b) Restrictions on fast food restaurant placement
c) Workplace weight loss programs
d) Changes to urban planning to promote physical activity
c) Workplace weight loss programs
“…environmental solutions such as taxation or restrictions on the placement of fast food restaurants have a low potential for stigmatisation whereas endorsement of weight loss programmes through the workplace depends on behavioural change, targets obese individuals and is highly stigmatising.”
In Aotearoa-New Zealand, obesity ____ correlate with low socioeconomic status (SES). The relationship appears to be ________
In Aotearoa-New Zealand, obesity does correlate with low socioeconomic status (SES). The relationship appears to be bidirectional, with both low SES contributing to obesity and obesity contributing to low SES:
The reading cites a New Zealand study showing __% of Pacific Island children and __% of Maori children were assessed as highly deprived, compared to __% of European children. These ethnic groups also have higher obesity rates.
The reading cites a New Zealand study showing 51% of Pacific Island children and 39% of Maori children were assessed as highly deprived, compared to 15% of European children. These ethnic groups also have higher obesity rates.
A study of Pacific Island adolescents found ____ _____ factors associated with poverty were more important than ______ factors in determining obesity. Low-income families were _____ likely to rely on takeaway food and _____ likely to eat fruits and vegetables due to ____ constraints.
A study of Pacific Island adolescents found socio-environmental factors associated with poverty were more important than cultural factors in determining obesity. Low-income families were more likely to rely on takeaway food and less likely to eat fruits and vegetables due to cost constraints.
The reading states that obesity can cause poverty if ______ _______ __ _______ ______ _____.
The reading states that obesity can cause poverty if earning potential is reduced through illness.
In what way do obese individuals face workplace discrimination?
Obese individuals face workplace discrimination, with lower chances of being hired or promoted.
In what way do obese individuals face workplace discrimination?
Obese individuals face workplace discrimination, with lower chances of being hired or promoted.
Consider this idea:
To combat obesity in suburb/city X, we should eliminate all fast food outlets and build additional grocery stores instead.
Do you think this tactic would effectively reduce obesity?
Argument for:
The reading notes that travel distances to fast food outlets were at least twice as far in wealthy neighbourhoods compared to deprived ones in New Zealand.
Reducing access to unhealthy food options could potentially decrease consumption.
Consider this idea:
To combat obesity in suburb/city X, we should eliminate all fast food outlets and build additional grocery stores instead.
Do you think this tactic would effectively reduce obesity?
Argument against:
The reading states that supermarkets, while providing access to healthy food, are also sources of unhealthy food.
A UK study found that deprived neighbourhoods actually had better access to grocery stores selling fresh produce.
The reading suggests that lifestyles might be driving demand for fast food rather than the other way around.
The complexity of the issue suggests that targeted approaches based on area deprivation may not be effective.
The reading notes that travel distances to fast food outlets were __ ____ ____ __ ___ in wealthy neighbourhoods compared to deprived ones in New Zealand.
The reading notes that travel distances to fast food outlets were at least twice as far in wealthy neighbourhoods compared to deprived ones in New Zealand.
