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os seminar > Week 3: Defining occupation and links to health > Flashcards

Week 3: Defining occupation and links to health Flashcards

1
Q
  1. According to the Occupational Terminology Interactive Dialogue (2004), which of the following statements is FALSE?
    A. Occupation is any activity that is both meaningful and purposeful to the person who
    engages in it.
    B. Occupations can be done in a person’s mind.
    C. Occupation and activity can be used interchangeably.
    D. All purposeful activities can be considered as occupations.
    E. A person can demonstrate what they are and what they want to be by engaging in
    Occupations.
A

D. while all occupations constitute purposeful activity, not all purposeful activities can be described as occupations

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2
Q 
2. According to Hitch, Pepin, and Stagnitti (2014), which of the following dimensions of occupation are underdeveloped?
A. Doing and being
B. Being and becoming
C. Becoming and belonging
D. Being and belonging
A

C. Becoming and belonging

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3
Q 
3. According to Jonsson (2008), which of the following categories of occupation has the lowest significance for well-being?
A. Engaging occupation
B. Social occupation
C. Relaxing occupation
D. Basic occupation
A

D. Basic occupation

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4
Q
  1. Which of these statements about occupation is not true?
    a) Enables humans to be economically self-sufficient
    b) A person’s preferred occupations may change over time
    c) Has a practical and/or symbolic significance for the individual
    d) Is under varying levels of unconscious control over the execution and course of the occupation
    e) Enables humans to learn competency
A

D.

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5
Q
  1. One main criticism of the application of Wilcock’s Occupational Perspective of Health (OPH) to practice is that:
    a) The core dimensions of occupation central to the model (doing, being, becoming, belonging) do not reflect current views of occupation
    b) There is a knowledge practice gap between dimensions of the OPH and daily practice
    c) The OPH refers to action theory which is no longer accepted as a valid theory
    d) Being as a dimension is not tangible and thus has no real practice implications
    e) Belonging is too broad of a dimension as social media presence was not a factor considered when the model was developed
A

B.

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6
Q

What method was used for the Hitch et al. (2014)’s critical analysis of Wilcock’s Occupational Perspective of Health?
A.Integrating Theory, Evidence and Action method
B. History of Ideas method
C. Critical Discourse Analysis method
D. Delphi technique

A

B. Integrating theory, evidence, and action method

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7
Q 
2. Which out of Johnsson’s seven suggested  experience-based categories of occupation stood out from the others in participants’ experiences and were viewed as positive and highly meaningful by both workers and retirees?
A. Basic occupation
B. Engaging occupation
C. Social occupation
D. Regular occupation
E. None of the above
A

B. Engaging occupation

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8
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT a definition of “occupation” as collected in the Occupational Therapy Interactive Dialogue (2001)?
    A. From the latin root “occupatio,” meaning “to seize or take posession”
    B. All purposeful activities that fill a person’s waking hours
    C. Activities that are classified and named by culture
    D. Enable humans to achieve a sense of efficacy, make a contribution to themselves and others, and discover meaning through their own actions
    E. All of the above are definitions of occupation
A

E. All are definitions of occupatoin

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9
Q
  1. Which is not one of the four dimensions of occupation, as identified by Wilcock?
    a. Being
    b. Belonging
    c. Doing
    d. Engaging
    e. Becoming
A

D. Engaging

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10
Q
  1. Which Occupational Risk Factor for development of stress were not identified by
    Wilcock?
    a. Occupational imbalance (doing)
    b. Occupational alienation (being)
    c. Occupational deprivation (becoming)
    d. Occupational ostrification (belonging)
    e. All of the above are identified occupational risk factors
A

D. Occupational ostrification

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11
Q
  1. The Journal of Occupational Science (2001) compiled definitions of occupation and
    occupational science in order to:
    a. Determine one, universal definition of occupation
    b. Celebrate the diversity of definitions
    c. Show consistency over time
    d. Take a vote on the best definition
    e. Shame the authors
A

B. Celebrate the diversity of definitions

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12
Q
  1. The definitions of occupational science presented in the Journal of Occupational Science
    (2001) suggest that it is a study of:
    a. ADLs as occupation
    b. How to find a job
    c. Functional mobility
    d. Meaningful activity
    e. The human as an occupational being
A

E. The human as an occupational being

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13
Q 
5. The Journal of Occupational Science (2004) published definitions for the term activity
and 4 additional, related terms. The additional terms used include all of the following
EXCEPT:
a. Meaningful activity
b. Purposeful activity
c. Recreational activity
d. Activity choices
e. Activity idea
A

C. Recreational activity

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14
Q

T/F: According to OTID, activities can be done in one’s mind

A

False. Occupations can be done in one’s mind (Jackson)

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15
Q

According to OTID, how do activities and occupations differ?

A

Activities:
-not experienced by a specific person
-Not observable as an occurrence
-Not located in temporal, spatial, sociocultural context
-culturally defined general class of human action
-Idea held in minds of persons and in shared cultural language
Occupations:
-Can be done in one’s mind
-May be broader than activities
-Has meaning with it, has abstract concept
-Directed toward a goal or goals identified by individual
-Perceived by individual as “doing” due to active participation

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16
Q

T/F: An example of activities vs. occupations may be dining (activity) vs. eating (occupation)

A

False. Eating would be the activity and dining the occupation as it is more than just eating (social, environment)

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17
Q

The following EXCEPT which are characteristics of occupations:
A. Involve engagement in activity
B. purposeful or goal-directed
C. Meaningful (personally, socially, etc)
D. Contextually situated (temporal, social, cultural, spiritual)
E. Unable to be repeated

A

E. Occupations are repeatable

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18
Q

In Hitch et al (2014)’s article, Hitch critically analyzes…

A

The four dimensions of Wilcock’s doing, being, becoming, and belonging. He proposes clearer understandings of the terms as the concepts have developed and evolved since Wilcock first introduced them as main constructs of Occupational Perspective of Health (OPH)

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19
Q

According to Hitch (2014), which of the four dimensions of occupations received the most comprehensive development?

A

Doing and being. However, concepts of becoming and belonging remain underdeveloped.

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20
Q

In the Occupational Perspective of Health (OPH) by Wilcock, what is the natural biological mechanism for health

A

Occupation is the natural biological mechanism for health

21
Q

According to the OPH by Wilcock, “doing” involves tasks out of obligation or necessity

A

False. People spend their lives almost constantly engaged in purposeful doing even when free of obligation or necessity. They ‘do’ daily tasks including things they feel they must do, and others they want to

22
Q

The following explain which of the 4 dimensions of occupation?

  • Medium through which people engage in activity and occupation
  • Involves engagement in occupations that are meaningful, but not necessarily purposeful, healthy or organized
  • Requires active engagement either overtly or tacitly
  • Follows broadly similar patterns across the population e.g., only some many ways to shower
  • Is adopted according to circumstance
A

Doing

23
Q

According to Wilcock’s OPH, _________ is about being true to ourselves, to our nature, to our essence, and to what is distinctive about us to bring others as part of our relationships and to what we do

A

Being

24
Q

T/F: According to Wilcock’s OPH, doing is synonymous with occupation

A

True. However, beyond the active/doing process, occupation is partly about self

25
Q 
Being as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ involves how people feel about what they do and is linked to action or engagement
A. Being as essence
B. Being as existing
C. Being as entity
D. Being as identity
A

A. Being as essence

26
Q 
Being as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ involves a sense of who someone is as an occupational and human being; who we understand ourselves to be--independent of occupation; ideas of self-efficacy and personal causation
A. Being as essence
B. Being as existing
C. Being as entity
D. Being as identity
A

C. Being as entity

27
Q 
Being as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ incorporates the concepts of space and time; also includes self-discovery, thinking, and reflection relative to lived experience
A. Being as essence
B. Being as existing
C. Being as entity
D. Being as identity
A

B. Being as existing

28
Q

According to Wilcock’s OPH, _________ holds the notions of potential growth, of transformation, and self-actualization

A

Becoming.

29
Q

According to wilcock’s OPH, which four dimension of occupation is most important to achieving well-being

A

Becoming. To achieve well-being, people need to be enabled towards what they are best fitted, and wishful to become

30
Q

Which of the four dimensions of occupation are the following describing?

  • Perpetual process of change, driven by evolving goals that inspire, guide and assist occupational engagement
  • Reflects the person’s self-concept, self creation, and desire to experience competence, efficacy, and consequence
  • May not always be about improvement, but also includes management and maintenance
  • Depends on stimulation or feedback from others, requires opportunity to experience novel challenges, and has temporal aspect
A

Becoming

31
Q

T/F: According to wilcock, becoming is always about improvement

A

False. Also includes management and maintenance

32
Q

T/F: Being is a ‘new’ concept . being explored as related to other three dimensions of occupation and health

A

False. Belonging is a new concept being explored as related to the other three dimensions of occupation and health

33
Q

Which of the four dimensions of occupation consist of the contextual elements of the connectedness of people, places, cultures, communities, and times to each other as we do.

A

Belonging.

  • Reciprocity may be considered important as it relates to a sense of being part of something bigger than oneself
  • Typically situated and studied in group setting or in formal/shared environments e.g., workplcae
34
Q 
Which is the occupational risk factor connected to doing, that deals with physical attributes that cause bodily harm, and psychological attributes that lead to decreased mental . well-being
A. Occupational Imbalance
B. Development of stress
C. Occupational alienation
D. Occupational deprivation
A

B. Development of stress

35
Q 
Which occupational risk factor is connected to doing and deals with perception of engaging in the "wrong" amount and diversity of occupations?
A. Occupational Imbalance
B. Development of stress
C. Occupational alienation
D. Occupational deprivation
A

A. Occupational imbalance

36
Q

Which occupational risk factor is connected with being and becoming, and relates to circumstances beyond control of individuals and communities
A. Occupational Imbalance
B. Development of stress
C. Occupational alienation and deprivation
D. Occupational deprivation

A

C. Occupational alienation and deprivation

37
Q

Risk factor that results from circumstances beyond control of individuals and communities

A

Occupational deprivation

38
Q

T/F: Risk factors can be related to organization, institutional, and cultural barriers (e.g., occupational justice), but not personal choice

A

False. Can be related to personal choice

39
Q

According to Hitch (2014) which of the 4 dimensions of occupation do OTs feel most comfortable

A

Doing

40
Q

Which is the least tangible of occupational dimensions?

A

Being. Shifts and transforms during occupational engagement.

41
Q

According to Hitch, “doing” is always active

A

False. May include sedentary activities.

42
Q

According to Hitch (2014), how does an understanding of doing, being, becoming, and belonging help us?

A

Contributes to a shared language for therapists, in a traditionally diverse profession.

43
Q

According to Hitch (2014), how can we bridge the knowledge practice gap ?

A

An analysis of the relationships between the dimensions could close this gap, helping to embed our professional knowledge of the dimensions of occupation into our professional identity and daily practice

44
Q

The following definition was given to _______ by occupational science researchers.
“ specific ‘chunks’ of activity within the ongoing stream of human behaviour which are named in the lexicon of the culture” (Yerxa et.al, 1990)
A. Purposeful activity
B. Occupation
C. Subjective experience
D. Meaningful activity

A

B. Occupation

45
Q
  1. Which of the following is not understood to be associated with “doing” as noted in the research done by Hitch, Pepin, and Stagnitti in “In the Footsteps of Wilcock Part One: the Evolution of Doing, Being, Becoming, and Belonging”
    A. Involves constant reaction and adjustment
    B. Participation in activities of work, leisure, school, and self care
    C. Performing
    D. Physical, sedentary, or mental
A

A. Involves constant reaction and adjustment

46
Q 
Yerxa (1988) stated that “                        explanations of occupation may misinform and limit the development of the field of occupational science.” 
A. Long
B. Simple
C. Brief
D. Complex
E. None of the above
A

B. Simple

47
Q

What are Wilcock’s four dimensions of occupation?
A. Doing, being, activity, and perceiving
B. Occupational justice, occupational beings, roles, and habits
C. Culture, meaning, context, and analysis
D. Doing, being, becoming, and belonging
E. Doing, being, becoming, and identity

A

D. Doing, being, becoming, belonging

48
Q

What is the term Hitch et. al proposed for the risk factor associated with “lack of belonging”?

a. Occupational exclusion
b. Occupational omission
c. Occupational absence
d. Occupational segregation

A

A. occupational exclusion

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