WEEK 3: Nutrition / Feed Analysis

Question 1

Anabolism

Answer 1

Synthesis of complex molecules to store energy

Question 2

Catabolism

Answer 2

Breaking down complex molecules to produce energy

Question 3

Eructation

Answer 3

Burping lol

Question 4

Diet vs. Ration

Answer 4

Diet is all the feed and water consumed by an animal.
Rations are the daily feed allotment given to an animal.

Question 5

Aspects of Feed Analysis

Answer 5

> Nutrient composition
Digestibility
Productive value
Palatability
Physical characteristics

Question 6

Proximate Analysis of Feeds

Answer 6

A set of traditional chemical/analytical procedures designed to partition feedstuffs into various nutrient components including water, ash, crude protein, ether extract, crude fiber, and nitrogen-free extract.

Question 7

Dry Matter

Answer 7

Everything in a feed other than water. Found via evaporating all the water out of a sample.

Question 8

Ash

Answer 8

The mineral content of the feedstuff. Determined by literally burning off all organic matter in a feed sample.

Question 9

Crude Protein

Answer 9

An estimate of the protein content in a feed sample. Found via math based on the nitrogen content of the sample, but because not all of the nitrogen is derived from protein, it’s a crude measurement at best.

Question 10

Ether Extract

Answer 10

Crude fat. Found by using a fat solvent to extract fat from a sample.

Question 11

Crude Fiber and Nitrogen-Free Extract

Answer 11

Provide an estimate of the carbohydrates in a feed.

Question 12

Limitations of Proximate Analysis

Answer 12

Information is sometimes misleading or inaccurate
* Crude protein measurement has little value for monogastric animals and immature ruminants
* Some plant materials other than fat are also ether soluble
* Nitrogen-free extract (NFE) is often an inaccurate estimate of digestible carbohydrates

Question 13

Van Soest Method

Answer 13

Some complex bullshit, an “alternative fiber analysis” that helps predict how digestible feedstuff will be for animals and “evaluate heat damage in forages”

Question 14

Feed Analysis of Vitamins

Answer 14

Vitamins must be individually assayed to determine concentrations in feed. Biological assays for some, chemical analysis for others.

Question 15

Feed Analysis of Energy Content

Answer 15

BOMB CALORIMETER BABY
Determines gross energy of a sample in calories.

Calorie: energy required to raise temp of 1g of water by 1 degree Celsius

Question 16

3 Ways to Determine the Value of Feedstuffs to Animals

Answer 16

1) Feeding Trial
2) Digestion Trial
3) Metabolism Trial

Question 17

Feeding Trial

Answer 17

A comparatively simple experimental tool in which animals are fed to determine their performance on specific feeds or substances added to feeds.

AKA “Will they eat it? What happens when they do?”

Question 18

Digestion Trial

Answer 18

An experimental tool used to determine the digestibility of a specific feedstuff, nutrient, or ration.

AKA Chemically analyze the nutrients in a feed/diet, feed it to an animal, collect its poop, and then compare what nutrients remain in the poop to what was in the feed originally.

The digestion coefficient refers to how much of the feed has been absorbed nutritionally.

TDN = total digestible nutrients

Question 19

Metabolism Trial

Answer 19

An advanced form of digestion trial that measures the body’s use of nutrients

Question 20

Two expressions of feed composition

Answer 20

Air-dry Basis (as-is) and Dry Matter Basis

Question 21

Units of Energy Measurement

Answer 21

Kilocalorie (kcal) - 1000 calories
>used in Human and Pet nutrition

Megacalorie (Mcal) - 1,000,000 calories
>used in Livestock nutrition

Question 22

Energy Content of Nutrients

Answer 22

CARBOHYDRATES - 4 kcal/g
PROTEIN - 4 kcal/g
FAT - 9 kcal/g

“four four nine” with fat as the densest. ez pz.

Question 23

Ration (Balanced)

Answer 23

The amount of feed offered to an animal during a 24-hour period.

Balanced ration: provides the proper nutrients for an animal to accomplish its specific production function

Question 24

High Quality Rations

Answer 24

1) Palatable
2) Economical
3) Free of quality-lowering factors

Question 25

National Research Council

Answer 25

Publishes nutrient requirements and recommendations for feeding
animals in various stages of production

Covers animals used in agriculture, research, and as companions.