Week 3 Vocabulary

Question 1

Phosphatidylethanolamine

Answer 1

The most common lipid in E.coli

Question 2

Integral Membrane Protein

Answer 2

Protein that spans the whole membrane

Question 3

Peripheral Membrane Protein

Answer 3

Protein that associates with just one leaflet of the membrane

Question 4

Hypertonic

Answer 4

High water concentration in cell that leaves and causes the cell to shrink

Question 5

Isotonic

Answer 5

A solution with equal water concentration inside and outside of the cell

Question 6

Hypotonic

Answer 6

Low water concentration in the cell so water rushes in and causes the cell to swell

Question 7

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 7

Passive movement of molecules along a concentration gradient that requires a protein carrier

Question 8

Uniport

Answer 8

Transmembrane protein that transports one molecule at a time across a membrane along a concentration gradient

Question 9

Symport

Answer 9

Integral membrane protein that uses a proton motive force to transport a molecule against its concentration gradient from outside the cell to inside the cell

Question 10

Antiport

Answer 10

Integral membrane protein that uses a proton motive force to transport a molecule against its concentration gradient from inside the cell to outside the cell

Question 11

Proton Motive Force

Answer 11

Differential concentration of positively and negatively charged ions across a membrane which provides some energy to transporters

Question 12

ABC Transporter

Answer 12

Protein complex that transports molecules across a membrane against its concentration gradient using ATP as an energy source

Question 13

Peptidoglycan

Answer 13

Major structural polymer in the cell wall of most bacteria

Question 14

N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine

Answer 14

Covalently bonded together in peptidoglycan

Question 15

Interbridge

Answer 15

Only in Gram positive bacteria

Serves to connect one tetrapeptide to another

Question 16

Lysozyme

Answer 16

Functions as an antimicrobial agent by cleaving the peptidoglycan component of bacterial cell walls, which leads to cell death.

Question 17

Diaminopimelic Acid

Answer 17

Lysine analog that also contains a carboxyl group on the side group

Question 18

Ornithine

Answer 18

Amino that is one carbon shorter than lysine

Question 19

Teichoic Acid

Answer 19

Polymer of sugar alcohols and phosphate found in Gram positive bacteria; attached to peptidoglycan

Question 20

Lipoteichoic Acid

Answer 20

Polymer of sugar alcohols and phosphate found in Gram positive bacteria; attached to the cytoplasmic membrane

Question 21

Sugar Alcohol

Answer 21

Reduced sugar

Question 22

Lipopolysaccharide

Answer 22

Gram negative glycolipid which makes up the predominant portion of the outer leaflet of the outer membrane

Question 23

Lipid A

Answer 23

Most conserved potion of the LPS; anchors LPS to membrane

Question 24

Core Oligosaccharide

Answer 24

Connection between lipid A and the O-antigen

Question 25

O-antigen

Answer 25

Stain specific glycan attached to the lipid A core

Question 26

Endotoxin

Answer 26

Another word for LPS

Question 27

Porin

Answer 27

Beta barrel proteins found in the outer membrane that facilitate passive transport

Question 28

S-layer

Answer 28

Crystalline layer of glycoprotein found on the surface of some bacteria and most archaea

Question 29

Capsule

Answer 29

Extracellular polysaccharide frequently anchored in the membrane that protects many bacteria from host defences

Question 30

Alginate

Answer 30

Extracellular polysaccharides discovered in Pseudomonas aeruginosa which is used in food preparation

Question 31

Cellulose

Answer 31

An extracellular polysaccharide that is made by some bacteria which is also found in paper products

Question 32

Secretion Systems

Answer 32

Bacterial secretion systems are protein complexes present on the cell membranes of bacteria for secretion of substances

Question 33

Pili

Answer 33

Thin, cellular appendages involved in attachment, transfer of material between cells, and motility

Question 34

Fimbrae

Answer 34

Short peritrichous pili that mediate attachment to surfaces

Question 35

Type IV Pilus

Answer 35

Structure that is responsible for twitching motility

Question 36

Twitching Motility

Answer 36

Jerky movement across a solid surface

Question 37

Gliding Motility

Answer 37

Smooth movement across a solid surface that is mediated by focal adhesion type structures

Question 38

Swarming

Answer 38

Fast, coordinated movement of a bacteria across a semi-solid surface

Question 39

Swimming

Answer 39

Motility in liquid media powered by flagella

Question 40

Peritrichous Flagella

Answer 40

Flagella that originate from all around the cell

Question 41

Lophotrichous Flagella

Answer 41

Multiple flagella originating at the pole of the cell

Question 42

Polar Flagella

Answer 42

Single flagella found at the end of a bacteria cell

Question 43

Basal Body

Answer 43

Part of the flagella that is anchored in the plasma membrane, cell wall, and cell envelope

Question 44

Hook

Answer 44

Connection between the basal body and filament

Question 45

Filament

Answer 45

Hollow structure made of flagellin protein

Question 46

Rotor

Answer 46

Part of the flagella that spins

Question 47

Stator

Answer 47

Part of the flagella that is stationary

Question 48

Run

Answer 48

When swimming, forward movement of bacteria in a linear fashion

Question 49

Tumble

Answer 49

The random reorientation of bacteria with a peritrichous flagella

Question 50

Chemotaxis

Answer 50

The movement of bacteria in a chemical gradient

Question 51

Aerotaxis

Answer 51

The movement of bacteria in an oxygen gradient

Question 52

Phototaxis

Answer 52

The movement of bacteria in a light gradient

Question 53

Magentotaxis

Answer 53

The movement of bacteria in a magnetic field