Week 6 Vocabulary

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

Conversion of nutrients to energy and energy into building additional cellular components

Question 2

Catabolism

Answer 2

Set of metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units

Question 3

Anabolism

Answer 3

Synthesis of complex molecules from building blocks

Question 4

Phosphoenolpyruvate

Answer 4

Contains the highest energy phosphate bond in bacteria and is an intermediate of glycolysis

Question 5

Coenzyme A

Answer 5

Contains the highest energy thioester bond in bacteria

Question 6

Substrate Level Phosphorylation

Answer 6

Energy rich bond on substrate that makes ATP directly

Question 7

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Answer 7

Proton motive force powers ATP synthase

Proton motive force is generated by transfer of electrons

Question 8

Photophosphorylation

Answer 8

Proton motive force powers ATP synthase

Proton motive force is generated by light energy

Question 9

Oxidation

Answer 9

Loss of electrons

Question 10

Reduction

Answer 10

Electron gain

Question 11

Reduction Potential

Answer 11

How badly a molecule wants electrons

Question 12

Electron Donor

Answer 12

A molecule that donates electrons

Question 13

Electron Acceptor

Answer 13

A molecule that accepts electrons

Question 14

NAD+

Answer 14

Oxidized electron carrier containing adenine and nicotinamide

Question 15

FMN+

Answer 15

Oxidized electron carrier containing flavin ring system

Question 16

Ubiquinone

Answer 16

Oxidized electron carrier

Coenzyme Q

Question 17

Iron-sulfur Cluster

Answer 17

Molecular assemblies of iron and sulfur that carry electrons

Question 18

Desolvation

Answer 18

Loss of ordered water around a molecule

Question 19

Chemoorganotroph

Answer 19

Gets energy and electrons from organic chemicals

Question 20

Chemolithotroph

Answer 20

Gets energy and electrons from inorganic chemicals

Question 21

Phototroph

Answer 21

Uses light to generate energy

Question 22

Heterotroph

Answer 22

Carbon comes from organic molecules

Question 23

Autotroph

Answer 23

Carbon comes from inorganic molecules

Question 24

Pyruvate

Answer 24

End product of glycolysis

Question 25

Beta-oxidation

Answer 25

Breakdown of fatty acids into Acetyl-CoA

Question 26

Monooxygenase

Answer 26

Enzyme that makes alcohol from hydrocarbons like octane

Question 27

Fermentation

Answer 27

Chemical process by which molecules such as glucose are broken down anaerobically

Question 28

Alcoholic Fermentation

Answer 28

End product of fermentation is ethanol | CO2 is a byproduct

Question 29

Homolactic Fermentation

Answer 29

End product of fermentation is lactic acid

Question 30

Heterolactic Fermentation

Answer 30

End product of fermentation is ethanol and lactic acid | CO2 is a byproduct

Question 31

Mixed Acid Fermentation

Answer 31

End product of fermentation is ethanol, lactate, succinate, formate, CO2, H2

Question 32

Aerobic Respiration

Answer 32

Use of O2 as the final electron acceptor

Question 33

Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 33

Use of an organic molecules other than O2 as the final electron acceptor

Question 34

Oxygenic Phototrophy

Answer 34

Uses water as an electron donor and light to generate energy

Question 35

Anoxygenic Phototrophy

Answer 35

Uses anything other than water as an electron donor and light to generate energ

Question 36

Bacteriochlorophyll

Answer 36

Major light capturing molecule in bacteria

Question 37

Carotenoids

Answer 37

Accessory pigments for capturing light in bacteria

Question 38

Bacteriorhodopsin

Answer 38

Protein which converts light energy directly into proton motive force without electron transport