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Microbiology 265 > Week 4 Vocabulary > Flashcards

Week 4 Vocabulary Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

Phytanyl

A

The lipid comprising the archaeal lipid bilayer

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2
Q

Biphytanyl

A

One of the lipids comprising the archaeal lipid bilayer; formed from 2 phytanyl molecules

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3
Q

Crenarchaeol

A

One of the lipids comprising the archaeal lipid bilayer; contains cyclic, steroid-like functional groups

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4
Q

Pseudomurine

A

Archeal molecule equivalent to peptidoglycan

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5
Q

N-acetylasosaminuronic acid

A

One of the acidic sugars found in pseudomurine

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6
Q

Methanochondroitin

A

Extracellular glycan found specifically in the methanotropic archaea

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7
Q

Sheath

A

Extra protein layer (in addition to the S-layer) found in some archaea

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8
Q

Archalleum

A

Structure that is responsible for swimming motility in archaea

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9
Q

Hami

A

Peritritchous appendages comprised of spikes and hooks

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10
Q

Lag phase

A

Part of the growth curve where cells are actively synthesizing new components but not increasing in cell numbers

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11
Q

Exponential Phase

A

Part of the growth curve where cells are doubling consistently

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12
Q

Stationary Phase

A

Part of the growth curve where cell growth and cell death are balanced

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13
Q

Death Phase

A

Part of the cell cycle where cells are dying

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14
Q

Generation Time

A

Time it takes a population to double

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15
Q

Biofilm

A

Growth of organisms in a matrix consisting of polysaccharides, extracellular DNA, and proteins

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16
Q

Asexual Reproduction

A

New cells from one set of chromosomes yield daughter cells that are genetic clones of the parent cell

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17
Q

Binary Fission

A

The mechanism that most bacteria use to divide

Their components replicate then they divide in the middle

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18
Q

Budding

A

Asymmetrical growth of cell on one side

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19
Q

Fragmentation

A

Production of new organisms from a parent breaking in two

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20
Q

Sexual Reproduction

A

Combination of genetic material from two organisms yield new organism

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21
Q

Psuedosexual Reproduction

A

DNA that does not come from a parent cell

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22
Q

Conjugation

A

Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via a pilus

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23
Q

Transformation

A

Taking up DNA from the environment

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24
Q

Transduction

A

Introduction of new DNA via a virus

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25
Septum
During cell division, the part of new peptidoglycan that divides the cell in two
26
Cytokinesis
Replication of cellular components followed by cell division
27
N-acetylglucosamine
Non-acidic amino sugar found in peptidoglycan
28
N-acetylmuramic acid
Acidic amino sugar found in peptidoglycan
29
Translocation
Transfer of bactoprenyl-linked peptidoglycan across the plasma membrane
30
Transglycosylation
Addition of peptidoglycan subunits to the periplasmic peptidoglycan molecule
31
Transpeptidation
Cross linking of amino acid chains in peptidoglycan
32
Bactoprenyl Phosphate
Carrier molecule for peptidoglycan synthesis and transport
33
Pyrophosphate
Two phosphates
34
Macronutrient
Nutrient required in large quantities
35
Micronutrient
Nutrient required in small quantities
36
Vitamin
On organic molecule that is an essential micronutrient
37
Siderophore
Molecule bacteria need to obtain iron
38
Niacin
B vitamin necessary to make NAD+
39
Riboflavin
Vitamin needed to make FMN and FAD
40
Pantothenic Acid
Vitamin needed to make coenzyme A
41
Psychrophile
Bacteria with growth temperature optimum of about 5 degrees Celsius
42
Mesophile
Bacteria with growth temperature optimum of about 37 degrees Celsius
43
Thermophile
Bacteria with growth temperature optimum of about 60 degrees Celsius
44
Hyperthermophile
Bacteria with growth temperature optimum of over 80 degrees Celsius
45
Osmolarity
Total concentration of solute
46
Tonicity
Total concentration of permeable solute
47
Osmotolerant
Organism that grows well in high concentrations of solute
48
Halotolerant
Organism that grows okay in higher concentrations of salt
49
Halophile
Organisms that need high salt concentrations to grow
50
Glycine Betaine
Molecules used by halophiles to equalize solute concentration inside the cell
51
Neutrophile
Organisms that grow at neutral pH
52
Acidophile
Organisms that grow at a low pH
53
Alkaliphile
Organisms that grow at a high pH
54
Obligate Aerobe
Organisms that require oxygen to grow
55
Facultative Aerobe
Organisms that grow better in the presence of oxygen
56
Microaerophile
Organisms that grow in concentrations of oxygen just under 1 atm
57
Aerotolerant
Organisms that are unaffected by oxygen concentration
58
Obligate Anaerobe
Organisms that are killed by oxygen
59
Superoxide
O2-
60
Catalase
Enzyme that breaks H2O2 into O2
61
Superoxide Dismutase
Enzyme that detoxifies superoxides
62
Barotolerant
Organisms that grow okay in increased pressure
63
Barophilic
Organisms that require increased pressure to grow
64
Optical density
he degree to which a refractive medium hinders transmitted rays of light.
65
Defined Medium
a relatively simple medium that is made up of specific chemicals at known concentrations
66
Complex Medium
A media where the exact chemical composition of the media is not known
67
Selective Medium
Selective media selects for the growth of some organisms by promoting their growth and/or inhibiting the growth of other organisms
68
Differential Medium
Differentiates between organisms growing on one plate

Microbiology 265 (26 decks)

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